Comparison of Dysfunctional Lens Index and Scheimpflug Lens Densitometry in the Evaluation of Age-Related Nuclear Cataracts

To describe the Dysfunctional Lens Index (DLI) from ray-tracing aberrometry and to test its correlations with logMAR corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and lens grading based on the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III) and the Scheimpflug-based lens density

Design for Society

This chapter presents the “Design for Society” concept and provides a backdrop for the papers included as chapters in this section of the book. We suggest that the Design for Society concept can be viewed as an umbrella for a range of concepts related to how we can leverage the principles of design research and practice to create holistic solutions to societal challenges. Design can drive societal innovation, and the collection of papers we have compiled below focus on how design can enable society to become more equitable and inclusive. Our hope is that this chapter and the subsequent chapters might inspire design practitioners and researchers to learn from and build on each other’s ideas - as opposed to reinventing the wheel or even making the same mistake, so that we may move forward in tackling our societal challenges and achieving the UN SDGs

Comparative study of induced changes in effective lens position and refraction after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy according to intraocular lens design

To evaluate and compare the changes in refraction and effective intraocular lens (IOL) position between a plate-haptic IOL and a c-loop single-piece IOL after neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy

Adjustment of intrastromal corneal ring segments after unsuccessful implantation in keratoconic eyes

To evaluate visual, refractive, and corneal topography outcomes in eyes with keratoconus that have undergone exchange/adjustment surgery with a new intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) combination after unsuccessful visual and/or refractive outcomes after primary ICRS surgery.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Application of different Scheimpflug-based lens densitometry methods in phacodynamics prediction

To evaluate the correlations between preoperative Scheimpflug-based lens densitometry metrics and phacodynamics

Comparison of complication rates between manual and Femtosecond laser-assisted techniques for intrastromal corneal ring segments implantation in Keratoconus

Purpose: To compare the incidence of complications between manual and femtosecond-laser assisted surgery for intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) implantation.Material and methods: This study included keratoconus patients who had ICRS implantation using manual dissection and using the femtosecond laser with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Uncorrected (UDVA) corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity (CDVA), refraction, corneal topography and aberrometry, pachymetry map and slit-lamp microscopy were assessed before and after surgery.Results: The study included 265 eyes in the manual group and 111 in the femtosecond laser group. In the manual group, there were complications in 48 eyes (18.11%); while in the femtosecond laser 4 eyes had a complication (3.6%). In the manual group, the most frequent complications were ICRS exchange/adjustment for visual and refractive enhancement (25 eyes; 9.43%) and late ICRS spontaneous extrusion (15 eyes; 5.66%). In the manual group, 81.25% of complications were observed during the first 3 years of surgeon's experience. Eyes who suffered a complication had preoperatively higher mean refractive (p = .002) and topographic cylinder (p = .003) and lower UDVA (p = .005) and CDVA (p = .002). After a second surgical procedure for complication management visual, refractive and topographic outcomes significantly improved.Conclusion: Manual mechanical ICRS surgery shows a higher rate of intra- and postoperative mechanical and refractive complications when compared to femtosecond laser assisted technique. The incidence is specially higher during the surgeon's first years of implementation of the technique

Predictability of tunnel depth for intrastromal corneal ring segments implantation between manual and Femtosecond laser techniques

To compare the predictability of intrastromal tunnel depth creation for intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) implantation between manual dissection and femtosecond laser using a high-resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). PURPOSE: To compare the predictability of intrastromal tunnel depth creation for intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) implantation between manual dissection and femtosecond laser using a high-resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). METHODS: This multicenter study included patients with keratoconus who had Ferrara-type ICRS implantation at Hospital de Braga using manual dissection and at the Fernandez-Vega Ophthalmological Institute using the femtosecond laser technique. The intended depth of implantation was compared to the achieved postoperative ICRS depth of each case, measured using a swept-source AS-OCT (CASIA SS-1000; Tomey Corporation, Nagoya, Japan) at three points (proximal, central, and distal end of the implant). RESULTS: The study included 105 eyes in the manual group and 53 eyes in the femtosecond laser group. The differences of the intended versus the achieved depth were statistically higher in the manual group for all positions measured (Wilcoxon ranked-sum, P < .001). In the manual group, there were significant differences between the mean values of intended and achieved depth after surgery for the three locations measured (Wilcoxon signed-rank, P < .05), whereas there were no significant differences in the femtosecond laser group. In the manual group, the proximal part of the stromal tunnel was significantly shallower (−40.87 ± 69.03 μm) than the central (−25.54 ± 71.00 μm) and distal (−26.52 ± 73.22 μm) parts (Friedman test, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: ICRS implantation assisted by a femtosecond laser provides a more precise procedure considering dissection depth when compared with the manual dissection technique. Such an advantage may provide more predictable clinical results and safer procedures with the femtosecond laser

Correlation between different Scheimpflug-based lens densitometry analysis and effective phacoemulsification time in mild nuclear cataracts

To assess the correlations between preoperative Scheimpflug-based lens densitometry and effective phacoemulsification time (EPT) in age-related nuclear cataracts.Purpose To assess the correlations between preoperative Scheimpflug-based lens densitometry and effective phacoemulsification time (EPT) in age-related nuclear cataracts. Design Retrospective consecutive study. Methods The setting was the Ophthalmology Department, Hospital de Braga, Portugal. The study population included 50 eyes (42 patients) with age-related nuclear cataracts submitted to uneventful phacoemulsification surgery. Different analysis methods of Scheimpflug-based lens densitometry were performed: Pentacam Nucleus Staging (PNS) score with an ordinal scale from 0 to 5 and three-dimensional (3D), linear and region of interest (ROI) methods, which are displayed on an absolute scale (from 0 to 100%). EPT was calculated for the cataract surgery, which was performed by the same surgeon. Correlations between lens densitometry variables and EPT were determined using Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients according to data normality. Results There were significant correlations between EPT and average density and maximum density variables derived from the 3D (r = 0.596, p < 0.001; r = 0.632, p < 0.001, respectively) and ROI (r = 0.527, p < 0.001; r = 0.575, p < 0.001, respectively) methods. The average density was the only parameter derived from the linear analysis that showed a significant correlation with EPT (r = 0.293, p = 0.039). The PNS score did not show a significant correlation with EPT (rho = 0.124, p = 0.390). Conclusion The densitometric parameters based on the 3D method showed the highest correlations with EPT. The referred lens densitometric analysis approach may be used in preoperative assessment in order to predict EPT more efficiently in age-related nuclear cataractsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio