6,701 research outputs found
EVN observations of 6.7-GHz methanol maser polarization in massive star-forming regions II. First statistical results
Magnetic fields have only recently been included in theoretical simulations
of high-mass star formation. The simulations show that magnetic fields play an
important role in the formation and dynamics of molecular outflows. Masers, in
particular 6.7-GHz CH3OH masers, are the best probes of the magnetic field
morphologies around massive young stellar objects on the smallest scales of
10-100 AU. This paper focuses on 4 massive young stellar objects,
IRAS06058+2138-NIRS1, IRAS22272+6358A, S255-IR, and S231, which complement our
previous 2012 sample (the first EVN group). From all these sources, molecular
outflows have been detected in the past. Seven of the European VLBI Network
antennas were used to measure the linear polarization and Zeeman-splitting of
the 6.7-GHz CH3OH masers in the star-forming regions in this second EVN group.
We detected a total of 128 CH3OH masing cloudlets. Fractional linear
polarization (0.8%-11.3%) was detected towards 18% of the CH3OH masers in our
sample. The linear polarization vectors are well ordered in all the massive
young stellar objects. We measured significant Zeeman-splitting in
IRAS06058+2138-NIRS1 (DVz=3.8+/-0.6 m/s) and S255-IR (DVz=3.2+/-0.7 m/s). By
considering the 20 massive young stellar objects towards which the morphology
of magnetic fields was determined by observing 6.7-GHz CH3OH masers in both
hemispheres, we find no evident correlation between the linear distributions of
CH3OH masers and the outflows or the linear polarization vectors. On the other
hand, we present first statistical evidence that the magnetic field (on scales
10-100 AU) is primarily oriented along the large-scale outflow direction.
Moreover, we empirically find that the linear polarization fraction of
unsaturated CH3OH masers is P_l<4.5%.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, 7 tables, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysic
Spherical harmonic decomposition applied to spatial-temporal analysis of human high-density EEG
We demonstrate an application of spherical harmonic decomposition to analysis
of the human electroencephalogram (EEG). We implement two methods and discuss
issues specific to analysis of hemispherical, irregularly sampled data.
Performance of the methods and spatial sampling requirements are quantified
using simulated data. The analysis is applied to experimental EEG data,
confirming earlier reports of an approximate frequency-wavenumber relationship
in some bands.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. E, uses APS RevTeX
style
An Interneuron Circuit Reproducing Essential Spectral Features of Field Potentials
This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of the following article: Reinoud Maex, ‘An Interneuron Circuit Reproducing Essential Spectral Features of Field Potentials’, Neural Computation, March 2018. Under embargo until 22 June 2018. The final, definitive version of this paper is available online at doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/NECO_a_01068. © 2018 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Content in the UH Research Archive is made available for personal research, educational, and non-commercial purposes only. Unless otherwise stated, all content is protected by copyright, and in the absence of an open license, permissions for further re-use should be sought from the publisher, the author, or other copyright holder.Recent advances in engineering and signal processing have renewed the interest in invasive and surface brain recordings, yet many features of cortical field potentials remain incompletely understood. In the present computational study, we show that a model circuit of interneurons, coupled via both GABA(A) receptor synapses and electrical synapses, reproduces many essential features of the power spectrum of local field potential (LFP) recordings, such as 1/f power scaling at low frequency (< 10 Hz) , power accumulation in the γ-frequency band (30–100 Hz), and a robust α rhythm in the absence of stimulation. The low-frequency 1/f power scaling depends on strong reciprocal inhibition, whereas the α rhythm is generated by electrical coupling of intrinsically active neurons. As in previous studies, the γ power arises through the amplifica- tion of single-neuron spectral properties, owing to the refractory period, by parameters that favour neuronal synchrony, such as delayed inhibition. The present study also confirms that both synaptic and voltage-gated membrane currents substantially contribute to the LFP, and that high-frequency signals such as action potentials quickly taper off with distance. Given the ubiquity of electrically coupled interneuron circuits in the mammalian brain, they may be major determinants of the recorded potentials.Peer reviewe
Meson mass and confinement force driven by dilaton
Meson spectra given as fluctuations of a D7 brane are studied under the
background driven by the dilaton. This leads to a dual gauge theory with quark
confinement due to the gauge condensate. We find that the effect of the gauge
condensate on the meson spectrum is essential in order to make a realistic
hadron spectrum in the non-supersymmetric case. In the supersymmetric case,
however, only the spectra of the scalars are affected, but they are changed in
an opposite way compared to the non-supersymmetric case.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figure
Improving accuracy of LiDAR-derived digital terrain models for saltmarsh management
Accurate digital elevation models of saltmarshes are crucial for both conservation and management goals. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is increasingly used for topographic surveys due to the ability to acquire high resolution data over spatially-extensive areas. This capability is ideally suited to saltmarsh environments, which are often vast, inaccessible systems where topographic variations can be very subtle. Derivation of surface (DSMs) (ground elevation plus vegetation) versus terrain (bare ground elevation) models (DTMs) relies on the ability of the LiDAR sensor to accurately record multiple returns. In saltmarshes however, the dense stands of low (0.5 m in saltmarshes dominated by dense vegetation such as Spartina densiflora. In particular, global projections of sea-level rise across the next 80 years (0.18–0.59 m) significantly overlaps this accuracy margin, implying that assessments and modelling of sea-level impacts in saltmarsh systems will likely be erroneous if based on Lidar-derived DTMs. Erroneous assumptions and conclusions can result if the real accuracy of DTMs (bare ground) on vegetated saltmarshes is not considered, and the consequences of the propagation of this misinformation through to management decisions should not be over-looked
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