Religião e espiritualidade no ensino e assistência de enfermagem Religión y espiritualidad en la educación y asistencia de enfermería Religion and spirituality in education and nursing assistance

Estudo da interseção entre o discurso da enfermagem e os preceitos que albergam a religião/religiosidade e espiritualidade, e como se deu a incorporação e o reflexo desse discurso nas práticas assistenciais, no ensino e no delineamento da organização da profissão. Para revisão bibliográfica, utilizaram-se as bases de dados LILACS e BDENF, da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde. Um total de 57 artigos completos, publicados entre 1957 e 2007, foram analisados à luz das idéias sobre " memória coletiva" , de Maurice Halbwachs. Verificou-se que há uma raiz religiosa com ramificações profundas na conformação da enfermagem brasileira. Esta configuração está tão imbricada na memória coletiva que, mesmo com a expansão de instituições que não se declaram religiosas, os pressupostos cristãos se mantêm presentes e com vitalidade.<br>Estudio de la intersección entre el discurso del oficio de enfermera y preceptos que alojan la religión/el religiosidad y el espiritualidad, y como ha dado la incorporación y a la consecuencia de este discurso en los asistencias prácticos, la educación y la delineación de la organización de la profesión. Para la revisión bibliográfica, las bases de datos LILACS y BDENF de la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, fueron utilizadas. Un total de 57 artículos completos, publicados entre 1957 y 2007, fueron analizados a la luz de las ideas en " memoria colectiva" , de Maurice Halbwachs. Se verificó que hay una raíz religiosa con ramificaciones profundas en la conformación del oficio de enfermera brasileño. Esta configuración es tan imbricada en la memoria colectiva que, mismo con la expansión de las instituciones que non se declaran religiosas, el presupuestos cristanos se mantiene presentes y con vitalidad.<br>Intersectional study between nursing discourse and precepts which embrace religion/religiousness and spirituality, and how these were incorporated and their reflection upon nursing practice, education and the history of the organization of the profession. For bibliographic review LILACS and BDENF databases of the Electronic Health Library were used. A total of 57 full-text articles, published from 1957 to 2007, were analyzed upon the light of the ideas of Maurice Halbwachs, about " collective memory" . The results show that Brazilian nursing has a religious root with profound ramifications on its development. This configuration is so embedded in the collective memory that, even with the expansion of non-religious institutions, the Christian precepts remain present and strong

Revisão: Modelos de otimização-simulação para a gerenciamento e monitoramento de aquíferos costeiros

The literature on the application of simulation-optimization approaches for management and monitoring of coastal aquifers is reviewed. Both sharp- and dispersive-interface modeling approaches have been applied in conjunction with optimization algorithms in the past to develop management solutions for saltwater intrusion. Simulation-optimization models based on sharp-interface approximation are often based on the Ghyben-Herzberg relationship and provide an efficient framework for preliminary designs of saltwater-intrusion management schemes. Models based on dispersive-interface numerical models have wider applicability but are challenged by the computational burden involved when applied in the simulation-optimization framework. The use of surrogate models to substitute the physically based model during optimization has been found to be successful in many cases. Scalability is still a challenge for the surrogate modeling approach as the computational advantage accrued is traded-off with the training time required for the surrogate models as the problem size increases. Few studies have attempted to solve stochastic coastal-aquifer management problems considering model prediction uncertainty. Approaches that have been reported in the wider groundwater management literature need to be extended and adapted to address the challenges posed by the stochastic coastal-aquifer management problem. Similarly, while abundant literature is available on simulation-optimization methods for the optimal design of groundwater monitoring networks, applications targeting coastal aquifer systems are rare. Methods to optimize compliance monitoring strategies for coastal aquifers need to be developed considering the importance of monitoring feedback information in improving the management strategies