Evaluation of Errors Encountered in Photogrammetric Studies on Lower Extremities

Objective: The aim of our study is to reveal the errors that can be encountered during the shooting of photogrammetric studies on the lower extremities. Methods: We revealed the necessary tools that used during photogrammetry measurements of the lower limb. Also, the errors have been encountered of our two previous studies performed on photogrammetry of lower limbs. The technical errors or incorrect positioning of 20 from 220 volunteers were encountered. Results: The identified errors of 20 volunteers’ photographs related to lower limb were about the inadequate quality image, calibration, poor lightining, positioning error of trunk or parts of lower limb and clothes that cover the anatomical points affected the measurements. Conclusion: Photogrammetry is an important and useful tool for evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and efficacy monitoring. In anatomy, it is frequently used as a time-saving method in terms of measurement and evaluation in the laboratory, which can be applied and repeated for research. For this reason, errors that occur during the lower extremity have been reported and we think that it will be useful for studies on this part of the body and can be a guide

The life of the prince of anatomists Jean Riolan, Jr. (the Younger) (1577-1657).

AbstractFor the first time in the history of anatomy, the important French anatomist Jean Riolan, Jr., clarifies several conditions that anatomy adepts should accomplish during their preparation in his work Anthropographia. Anatomists should be physically, mentally, culturally, and ethically ready for their work. The anatomy teacher should consider three rules: have experience in anatomical dissection, have the essential knowledge and approach to dissection, and use a suitable teaching method.Keywords:Anatomy; Dissection; Jean Riolan, Jr.; Learning anatomy; Prince of anatomists; Principles of basic learning

The Incidence of the Zygomatico-orbital Foramen and The Importance of Its Location in Surgical Approaches

The present study aimed to reveal the frequency of the zygomatico-orbital foramen (ZOF) in the orbital surface of zygomatic bone, its location, and its connection with the zygomatico-orbital foramen (ZFF) and zygomaticotemporal foramen (ZTF)