Additional file 1: of Role of phenolics from Spondias pinnata bark in amelioration of iron overload induced hepatic damage in Swiss albino mice

Spectroscopic data of SPE3 and SPE4. (DOCX 9715 kb

RNS scavenging activity of PNME.

<p><b>A.</b> Nitric oxide inhibition, <b>B.</b> Peroxynitrite radical scavenging. The results are the mean ± S.D. of six parallel measurements. ***p < 0.001 vs. control.</p

The effect of DBME on liver parameters (SOD, CAT, GST, GSH) in iron overloaded mice.

<p>Values are mean ± SD of six observations.</p><p>^a<i>p<</i>0.05, ^b<i>p<</i>0.01and ^c<i>p<</i>0.001 significant difference from normal mice (B) group</p><p>^d<i>p<</i>0.05, ^e<i>p<</i>0.01 and ^f<i>p<</i>0.001 significant difference from iron overloaded (C) group</p><p>The effect of DBME on liver parameters (SOD, CAT, GST, GSH) in iron overloaded mice.</p

The changes in ALAT, ASAT, ALP and Bilirubin levels after oral therapy with PNME.

<p>The changes in ALAT, ASAT, ALP and Bilirubin levels after oral therapy with PNME.</p

Phytochemical analysis of PNME.

<p>Phytochemical analysis of PNME.</p

Reactive oxygen species scavenging activity of DBME and the reference compounds.

<p>(A) Hydroxyl radical inhibition, (B) hypochlorous radical scavenging, (C) superoxide radical inhibition, (D) singlet oxygen radical scavenging, (E) hydrogen peroxide scavenging. The results are mean ± S.D. of six parallel measurements. ***p < 0.001 vs. 0 μg/ml.</p

Total antioxidant activity and reducing power of DBME and the reference compounds.

<p>(A) total antioxidant activity, (B) DPPH radical scavenging, (C) reducing power activity. The results are mean ± S.D. of six parallel measurements. ***p < 0.001 vs. 0 μg/ml.</p

Metal chelation potential of PNME.

<p><b>A.</b> Iron chelation assay, <b>B.</b> Inhibition of lipid peroxidation, <b>C.</b> DNA protection assay. Agarose gel showing bands of supercoiled (SC) and open circular (OC) forms of pUC-18 DNA, and the graph denotes the % protection of supercoiled DNA by PNME. The results are the mean ± S.D. (n = 6). **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 vs. control.</p

IC₅₀ values of purpurin, catechin, tannic acid, reserpine, methyl gallate, rutin and DBME for <i>in vitro</i> iron chelation and cytotoxicity against WI-38 cells.

<p># All the IC₅₀ values are determined in μg/ml. Data expressed as mean ± S.D (n = 6).</p><p>IC₅₀ values of purpurin, catechin, tannic acid, reserpine, methyl gallate, rutin and DBME for <i>in vitro</i> iron chelation and cytotoxicity against WI-38 cells.</p

Microscopic observation of liver sections stained with Masson’s trichrome at 100x.

<p>A. Liver section from control mice showing no indication of fibrosis. <b>B</b>. Liver section of group C exhibiting significant accumulation of collagen (Blue) with elongated fibrous septa. <b>C</b>. Liver section from the S50 group shows negligible fibrosis. <b>D</b>. Liver section from the S100 group and S200 group (E) depicted similar liver architecture improvement as Desirox-treated group (F).</p