A Note on Gaussian Estimation of the CKLS and CIR Models with Feedback Effects for Japan

In this note we extend the Gaussian estimation of two factor CKLS and CIR models recently considered in Nowman, K. B. (2001, Gaussian estimation and forecasting of multi-factor term structure models with an application to Japan and the United Kingdom, Asia Pacif. Financ. Markets 8, 23–34) to include feedback effects in the conditional mean as was originally formulated in general continuous time models by Bergstrom, A. R. (1966, Non-recursive models as discrete approximations to systems of stochastic differential equations, Econometrica 34, 173–182) with constant volatility. We use the exact discrete model of Bergstrom, A. R. (1966, Non-recursive models as discrete approximations to systems of stochastic differential equations, Econometrica 34, 173–182) to estimate the parameters which was first used by Brennan, M. J. and Schwartz, E. S. (1979, A continuous time approach to the pricing of bonds, J. Bank. Financ. 3, 133–155) to estimate their two factor interest model but incorporating the assumption of Nowman, K. B. (1997, Gaussian estimation of single-factor continuous time models of the term structure of interest rates, J. Financ. 52, 1695–1706; 2001, Gaussian estimation and forecasting of multi-factor term structure models with an application to Japan and the United Kingdom, Asia Pacif. Financ. Markets 8, 23–34). An application to monthly Japanese Euro currency rates indicates some evidence of feedback from the 1-year rate to the 1-month rate in both the CKLS and CIR models. We also find a low level-volatility effect supporting Nowman, K. B. (2001, Gaussian estimation and forecasting of multi-factor term structure models with an application to Japan and the United Kingdom, Asia Pacif. Financ. Markets 8, 23–34). Copyright Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 2003CKLS, feedback effects, Gaussian estimation, interest rates,

Not Everyone is a Follower: The Behaviour of Interest Rate and Equity Markets within Major Economies relative to the US

Using a multi-factor continuous-time model we study the impact of the global financial crisis on the information transmission mechanism between interest rate and equity markets in the US and each of the four major economies (UK, Japan, Germany and Canada). The exchange of information through the return channel shows that the equity markets communicate differently with the short- and long-term interest markets: the linkages between the equity and moneymarkets follow similar patterns across all four major economies, while the feedbacks between the returns on equity and bond markets suggest country-specific relationships with the US The level of interdependence is higher between the equity and long-term bond markets, while within the money-markets context there is evidence of the flight-to-quality phenomenon