Energy spectrum of cascades generated by muons in Baksan underground scintillation telescope

Spectrum of cascades generated by cosmic ray muons underground is presented. The mean zenith angle of the muon arrival is theta=35 deg the depth approx. 1000 hg/sq cm. In cascades energy range 700 GeV the measured spectrum is in agreement with the sea-level integral muon spectrum index gamma=3.0. Some decrease of this exponent has been found in the range 4000 Gev

Primary chemical composition from simultaneous recording of muons induced cascades and accompanying muon group underground

A new method to estimate the mean atomic number of primary cosmic rays in energy range 10 to the 3rd power to 10 to the 5th power Gev/nucleon is suggested. The Baksan underground scintillation telescope data are used for this analysis. The results of 7500 h run of this experiment are presented

Investigation of Input Signal Curve Effect on Formed Pulse of Hydraulic-Powered Pulse Machine

Well drilling machines should have as high efficiency factor as it is possible. This work proposes factors that are affected by change of input signal pulse curve. A series of runs are conducted on mathematical model of hydraulic-powered pulse machine. From this experiment, interrelations between input pulse curve and construction parameters are found. Results of conducted experiment are obtained with the help of the mathematical model, which is created in Simulink Matlab

Multiplicity of photohadronization and photon--hadron scaling violation

The method of scaling transformations permitting to carry out the reconstruction of cross sections of $\gamma N$ and $\gamma\gamma$ interactions on the basis of cross sections of nucleon-(anti)nucleon interactions is suggested. The photon--hadron scaling violation is a consequence of dependence of scaling transformation parameter $\bar n(s)$ on the energy. The universal function $\bar n(s)$ is interpreted as the multiplicity of photohadronization. This function is established by processing the data on $\gamma p$ cross sections in the low energy region \sqrt{s}< 20 \GeV and is extrapolated to the high energy region up to \sqrt{s}\sim 200 \GeV. The results of the reconstruction of $\gamma N$ cross sections at high energies and of $\gamma\gamma$ ones at all energies are in a remarkable agreement with available experimental data.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures; v2: reference correcte

On the mass composition of primary cosmic rays in the energy region 10^15-10^16 eV

The method of a determination of the Primary Cosmic Ray mass composition is presented. Data processing is based on the theoretical model representing the integral muon multiplicity spectrum as the superposition of the spectra corresponding to different kinds of primary nuclei. The method consists of two stages. At the first stage, the permissible intervals of primary nuclei fractions f_i are determined on the base of the EAS spectrum vs the total number of muons (E_mu > 235 GeV). At the second stage, the permissible intervals of f_i are narrowed by fitting procedure. We use the experimental data on high multiplicity muon events (n_mu > 114) collected at the Baksan underground scintillation telescope. Within the framework of three components (protons, helium and heavy nuclei), the mass composition in the region 10^15-10^16 eV has been defined: f_p = 0.235 +- 0.02, f_He = 0.290 +- 0.02$, f_H = 0.475 +- 0.03.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

Advanced technology and traditional means of teaching of pathomorphology in present terms

Для покращення ефективності навчального процесу, на нашу думку, необхідно органічне поєднання традиційних методів навчання з новітніми технологіями. Головною метою цих методів повинно бути засвоєння навчального матеріалу та розвиток клінічного мислення.; In order to improve the learning process, we believe it is necessary organic combination of traditional teaching methods with the latest technology. The main goal of these methods should be learning and the development of clinical thinking