Acridine orange (AO, green) and propidium iodide (PI, red) double staining fluorescent micrographs of differentiated neuronal cells.

<p>(a) 4 h H₂O₂ treated cells, (b) 72 h myrosinase pre-treated plus 4 h H₂O₂ exposed cells, (c) 72 h 1.25 μg/ml GMG-ITC pre-treated plus 4 h H₂O₂ exposed cells, (d) untreated cells (normal control). The images were captured in multiple times and x20 magnification was used.</p

Annexin V-FITC assay of differentiated neuronal cells analysed by flow cytometry.

<p>Where (a) 4 h H₂O₂ treated cells, (b) 72 h myrosinase pre-treated plus 4 h H₂O₂ exposure cells, (c) untreated (normal control) cells, (d) GMG-ITC pre-treated for 24 h plus 4 h H₂O₂ exposure, (e) GMG-ITC pre-treated for 48 h plus 4 h H₂O₂ exposure and (f) GMG-ITC pre-treated for 72 h plus 4 h H₂O₂ exposure. Whereas (g) represent distribution of cells at death. Values are presented in means ± SD of triplicate experiments and means of viable cells with different letters varies significantly (p<0.05).</p

Ultrastructural analysis of differentiated neuronal cells by transmission electron microscopy.

<p>(a) 4 h H₂O₂ treated cells, (b) 72 h myrosinase pre-treated plus 4 h H₂O₂ exposure cells, (c) 72 h GMG-ITC pre-treated plus 4 h H₂O₂ exposure cells, (d) untreated (normal control) cells. CM = chromatin margination, IN = intact nucleus, LD = lipid droplet, NC = nuclei convolution. Magnification (x 3000).</p

Cytotoxicity of GMG-ITC on differentiated neuronal cells at different concentrations (0.313 to 10) μg/ml.

<p>(A) display 24 h, (B) 48 h and (C) 72 h of treatment. Whereas (D) is a cytotoxic analysis result of H₂O₂ used in this study with IC₅₀ = 300 μM. Values are presented in means ± SD of triplicate experiments and means with different letters varies significantly (p<0.05).</p

Surface morphological analysis of differentiated neuronal cells by scanning electron microscopy.

<p>(a) 4 h H₂O₂ treated cells, (b) 72 h myrosinase pre-treated plus 4 h H₂O₂ exposure cells, (c) 72 h GMG-ITC pre-treated plus 4 h H₂O₂ exposure cells, (d) untreated (normal control) cells. AB = apoptotic body, IDVC = intact differentiated viable cells, FN = folded neurites, MB = membrane blabbing, NDAC = neurite disrupted apoptotic cells. Magnification (x 5000).</p

Micrographs of neuronal cells differentiation by 10 μM all trans retinoic acid (ATRA).

<p>(a) Undifferentiated cells cultured in 10% complete growth media for seven (7) days and viewed under phase contrast, (b) Differentiated cells cultured in 3% heat-inactivated FBS complete growth media containing 10 μM ATRA for seven (7) days and viewed under phase contrast, and (d) expressed tuj-1 in both cytoplasm and neurites. SN = short neurites, EN = extended neurites, CYP = cytoplasm,. Magnification (x 20).</p