Anti-Hemorrhagic Effect of Horsetail, Ortie, Alfalfa, Chêne, and Aleppo oakin an Experimental Model of Rats - a Potential Theoretic Approach for Traumatic Bleeding

Background: Prompt bleeding control in civil accidents, incidents, and combat casualties is critically essential. Preparing efficient, portable, and low-cost local anti-hemorrhagic products with minimum side effects is one of the main challenges of using them in hemorrhage control. Anti-hemorrhagic effect of some medicinal plants, including Horsetail (H), Ortie (O), Alfalfa (A1), Chêne (C), and Aleppo oak (A2), were evaluated in the femoral arterial bleeding rat model. Materials and Methods: After plant extraction by the maceration method, forty male rats received general anesthesia, and the left femoral artery was surgically transected. Bleeding was treated with direct gauze pressure, in both the control (without treatment) and test groups added with the mixture of five herbal extracts at 200 g/l concentration (M-200), the mixture of five herbal extracts at 400 g/l concentration (M-400), and individual extracts at 400 g/l concentration). Bleeding stoppage time (BST), blood loss volume (BLV) was defined and some blood coagulation tests were assessed. Results: There was no statistically significant difference of BLV between mix-200 and control groups, though it was significantly lower for mix-400 than that the control and mix-200 groups (P<0.05). The bleedig was statistically lower for group C compared to groups H, O, A1, and A2 (P<0.05). However, the difference between groups A2, O, H, and A1 was not significant (P>0.05). The results of BST showed no statistically significant difference between the mix-200 and control groups, while it was significantly shorter for the mix-400 group than the control and mix-200 groups (P<0.05). BST was shorter in group C than groups H, O, A1, and A2 (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, Chêne extract, as well as a mixture of five mentioned herbal extracts at 400g/l concentration, were influential in bleeding control. Our results showed that the anti-hemorrhagic effect of the mentioned plant extracts was superior to the mixed form