Facile synthesis of fibrous zeolite Y with a radial wrinkle structure

In this study, typical zeolite Y was successfully transformed into dendritic morphology named as Fibrous Zeolite Y (FZY) by employing microwave-assisted microemulsion system. The physicochemical properties of the ZY and FZY were investigated by XRD, N2 physisorption, FTIR and TEM. The BET analysis showed that the surface area of FZY is lower than ZY. with the value of 406 m2g-1 and 736 m2g-1, respectively. However, the FZY possesses higher porosity than ZY due to the formation of radial wrinkle fibre observed from TEM analysis. This provide a huge amount of interparticle pore that facilitate the molecules absorption within the material under a minimal obstruction, thus improving the internal surface accessibility of FZY. The findings of this study predicted that FZY would find widespread use in catalysis, waste water treatment, energy storage, drug delivery, and other fields

Evaluation of NiO supported on waste sludge for the degradation of 2- chlorophenol

Due to the harmful consequences for the environment and human health, chlorophenol is regarded as a hazardous pollutant. This study aims to utilize waste sludge material loaded with NiO (NiO/sludge) as a cost-effective adsorbent for the treatment of 2-Chlorophenol (2-CP). The properties of the NiO/sludge were determined by FTIR and XRD analysis. In a batch study of 2-CP degradation, the effectiveness of NiO/sludge was assessed under a variety of conditions, including pH solution (2–8), temperature (28–50 °C), 2-CP initial concentration (20–80 mg/L), and NiO/sludge dosage (10–40 mg/100 mL). The maximum 2-CP degradation of 98% was reached at 50℃, pH 4, 50 mg/L 2-CP, and 0.3 g of NiO/sludge within 3 h of the reaction process. Under the appropriate circumstances, the optimal cation is exchanged among 2-CP molecules and the surface-active NiO/sludge adsorbent sites. This discovery observed that abundant waste sludge from conventional wastewater treatment plants can be further investigated and used as potential natural adsorbent material for the treatment of industrial effluents

Enhanced glycerol dry reforming over Ni/SBA-15 synthesized from palm oil ash: Effect of GHSV

The current research investigated the effect of gas hourly space velocity toward the GDR reaction using Ni/ SBA-15 catalyst derived from palm oil ash (P). The SBA-15(P) was prepared by hydrothermal technique and loaded with 3 % Ni via ultrasonic-assisted impregnation technique. The physio-chemical features of the unloaded and loaded Ni on the SBA-15(P) were characterized via BET, FTIR, XRD, H2 TPR, and TEM. In a vertical reactor made up of stainless steel operating at 800 °C, 1 atm, with various gas hourly space velocities (18000, 24000, 30000, and 36000 mL/g-1 s−1), the catalytic performance of the Ni/SBA-15(P) was investigated. The exceptional inclusion of active Ni particles with the SBA-15(P) support and strong Ni-O-Si interaction were demonstrated by FTIR, H2 TPR, and TEM, respectively. The highest catalytic activity (glycerol conversion = 43.24 %, H2 yield = 30.60 % and CO yield = 59.76 %) of Ni/SBA-15(P) was achieved at 24000 mL/g-1s−1. The higher the GHSV (30000 and 36000 mL/g-1s−1), the lower the syngas yield (H2 and CO) and glycerol conversion due to the less CO2 and glycerol molecules adsorbed on the active centers of the Ni/SBA-15(P) catalyst. Moreover, shorter contact time interaction between reactant molecules and the active site would build up the pressure inside the reactor system and favor carbon plugging during the catalytic process. Meanwhile, Ni loaded on SBA-15(P) at lower GHSV (20000 mL/g-1s−1) was low catalytic activity due to the limitation of existing molecules interacting with catalyst active sites. At lower GHSV (20000 mL/g-1s−1), Ni/SBA-15(P) exhibited poor catalytic performance because of the limited ability of molecules to interact with the catalyst active sites

Enhanced hydrogen generation from biodiesel-waste glycerol using Ni/SBA-15 catalyst synthesized from boiler ash

The successful synthesis of the mesostructured SBA-15 derived from extracted boiler ash silica (BA) with distinct Ni loading (15 wt%, 20 wt%, and 25 wt%) towards H2 production from CO2 and C3H8O3 was explored. The catalysts prepared by the ultrasonic-assisted method were subjected to 8 h of GDR at 800 °C. The XRD and N2 sorption revealed reduced area and crystallinity in 25 wt% Ni versus 15 wt% Ni catalyst. 20 Ni/SBA-15(BA) exhibited a larger area (234 m2/g), aperture (8.99 nm), and small NiO crystallite (18.34 nm), implying well-dispersed Ni species on SBA-15(BA) surface. 20 Ni/SBA-15(BA) displayed the highest GDR catalytic activity (57 %), credited to its accessible structure, strong Ni–O–Si bonding, and good Ni dispersion that reduced coke formation (9.8 % carbon). This discovery highlights the excellent performance of 20 wt% of Ni loaded on SBA-15 by using green silica source extracted from waste material for H2 fuel production

Facile synthesis of fibrous Faujasite Y supported Ni (Ni/FFY) catalyst for hydrogen production via glycerol dry reforming

In this study, the dendritic structure of Ni-supported Fibrous Faujasite Y (Ni/FFY) catalyst was successfully synthesized by employing a hydrothermal-assisted microemulsion system and subsequently tested in glycerol dry reforming to produce syngas. FFY possesses high porosity due to the formation of radial wrinkle fibre observed from TEM analysis. This provides a huge amount of interparticle pores that facilitate the absorption of the molecules within the material under a minimum hindrance, hence boosting the interior surface accessibility of Ni/FFY. This exclusive morphology contributed to the enhancement in the amount of accessible Ni active sites, resulting in the good activity of Ni/FFY (C3H8O3 conversion = 56.28 %, CO yield = 70.14 %, and H2 yield = 49.80 %). The extraordinary physicochemical properties of Ni/FFY and outstanding catalytic performance in glycerol dry reforming proved its capability as a sustainable catalyst in transforming waste byproduct (glycerol) and greenhouse gas (CO2) to clean energy (H2). This finding presents a pioneering fibrous zeolite catalyst for hydrogen generation in glycerol reforming

Hydrogen production via glycerol dry reforming over fibrous Ni/KCC-1

The research intended to evaluate the catalytic activity of Ni-doped on KCC-1 to produce hydrogen thru the reforming process of glycerol and CO2 (GDR). A hydrothermal microemulsion approach was applied to synthesize mesoporous silica KCC-1, which was then impregnated with 10 wt% Ni using an ultrasonic-assisted impregnation technique. XRD, BET, and FTIR were used to analyze the physicochemical characteristics of KCC-1 and Ni loaded on KCC-1. A stainless-steel vertical reactor fixed with a catalyst bed inside was used to run the GDR process at 800 °C, Patm, and a 1:1 ratio of glycerol to CO2. KCC-1 exposed sphere fibrous feature bordered with dendritic fibre observed by TEM with a 268 m2/g in specific surface area and 200–400 nm in particle size. The Ni/KCC-1 catalyst achieved 45.25 %, 33.71 %, and 65.64 % glycerol conversion and syngas (H2 and CO) yields, respectively. The high catalytic performance was credited to the fibre-like structure of KCC-1, which facilitates the access of bulky mass glycerol and CO2 to the Ni active species. Thus, this finding has proven that the exceptional structure of the support material could promise catalytic performance in various applications, particularly glycerol dry reforming

Utilization of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) as silica source of Ni/SBA-15 for CO2 reforming of CH4

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are the major greenhouse gases (GHGs) with 81% and 10 %, respectively, leading to global warming. CO2 reforming of CH4 is a promising route to convert CO2 and CH4 to synthesis gas. Production of synthesis gas by CO2 reforming of CH4 over Ni-based catalyst has been attracted extensive attention worldwide due to its good catalytic activity, low cost, and readily available. However, Ni-based catalyst faces a serious drawback in catalyst surface deactivation by coke formation. Selection of suitable support material was found to be an effective way to reduce the coke formation on catalyst surfaces. In this study, SBA-15 has been chosen as support material due to its interesting textural properties. SBA-15 can be synthesized using templates and variety of silica sources such as tetraethyl ortosilicate and sodium silicate. However, these types of silica precursors are non-eco-friendly and high cost. Therefore, the utilization of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) waste material as an alternative silica source would minimize the cost of SBA-15 production. The preparation of POFA sodium silicate (POFA-Na2SiO3) was done via sodium hydroxide (NaOH) fusion method by investigating several parameters including NaOH/POFA mass ratio, fusion temperature and H2O/NaOH-fused POFA mass ratio. The optimum condition was achieved at NaOH/POFA mass ratio of 2:1, fusion temperature of 550oC, and H2O/NaOH-fused POFA mass ratio of 4:1, with maximum silica content of 40570 ppm. The yield of SiO2 from POFA was 35%. The successful synthesized of SBA-15 was proved by the results of XRD low angle, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, and TEM image, corresponding to the SBA-15 mesostructure characteristic. 3wt % of Ni was loaded on the synthesized SBA-15 using various preparation method including conventional impregnation (Ni/SBA-15(IM)), rotary evaporator-assisted impregnation (Ni/SBA-15(RE)), shaker-assisted impregnation (Ni/SBA-15(SH)) and ultrasonic-assisted impregnation (Ni/SBA-15(US)). CO2 reforming of CH4 (CRM) were investigated in a stainless steel fixed bed reactor at 800°C, atmospheric pressure and CO2/CH4 feed composition =1/1. The highest catalytic performance was achieved over Ni/SBA-15(US) with 81 % of CO2 conversion and 90 % of CH4 conversion. This is due to the well Ni distribution on the catalyst surfaces with some of the Ni were located inside the SBA-15 framework, stronger Ni-O-Si interaction, and higher catalyst basicity. Lowest formation of graphite carbon on Ni/SBA-15(US) was correlated to the well dispersion of smaller Ni particles that able to suppress the coke formation. The existence of ultrasonic irradiation offers a cavitation effect to destroy the soft agglomeration of Ni particles and thus lead to a better Ni distribution than conventional impregnation (IM), rotary evaporator-assisted impregnation (RE), and shaker-assisted impregnation (SH) methods. This study provides an idea in preparing a better properties of Ni/SBA-15 catalyst to enhance the activity and stability of CO2 reforming of CH4

Structural effect of Ni/SBA-15 by Zr promoter for H2 production via methane dry reforming

5 wt% of Ni/SBA-15 supported with numerous Zr loading (1–7 wt%) were produced using sol-gel technique at 60 °C. The influence of Zr promoter on the physiochemical properties of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts for methane dry reforming were examined in a fixed-bed reactor at 800 °C. Analytical characterizations including XRD, BET, FTIR, N2 adsorption desorption, TEM and TGA were conducted to study the physiochemical properties of Zr/Ni/SBA-15 catalysts for the sake of identification of the amount of coke deposition formed on the spent catalyst. Increasing the amount of Zr loading from 1 to 7 wt% supported on Ni/SBA-15 reduced the catalyst's surface area as was proven from the physiochemical properties of Zr/Ni/SBA-15 catalyst. The catalytic activity test revealed that the optimum Zr loading was 1 wt% at which CH4 and CO2 conversions were 87.07% and 4.01%, meanwhile H2:CO ratios was 0.42. This result was owing to the existence of the Zr species in promoting a good dispersion of Nickel (Ni) active sites on the catalyst surface as affirmed from XRD and FTIR results. The latest discovery indicates that promotion of 1 wt% Zr onto Ni/SBA-15 can prompt excellent catalytic performance in CRM

Tea waste residue as low-cost biosorbent for treatment of 2 chlorophenol

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a healthy aromatic beverage and received high global demands, especially in the Asian region, and its residue resulted in huge biomass loss. In the present work, tea waste residue was pre-treated with acid solution and characterized by Nitrogen adsorption and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). The prepared tea waste was used as an adsorbent to investigate its efficiency in removal of 2-Chlorophenol at various conditions, including times (0–70 min), initial 2-chlorophenol concentration (20–80 mg/L), tea waste dosage (0.2–0.5 g), pH (4–11) and temperature (30–50 °C). The results indicated that with 0.4 g of tea waste in a pH solution of 9 at 30 °C and a starting concentration of 40 mg/L of 2-Chlorophenol, the removal efficiency could reach 93.8 % after 60 min. This could be ascribed to the active hydroxyl ion that was considered the main active substance for the 2-Chlorophenol degradation process. This outcome proves to be highly effective with low-cost adsorbent material and positive effects on the environment