INVESTIGATION OF A MULTI-SENSORY CIRCUIT FOR REJECTION BEHAVIOR IN DROSOPHILA FEMALES

Understanding how the brain combines information from different sensory modalities to select appropriate behavioral actions remains a central challenge in neuroscience. While work in many systems has made substantial progress in understanding sensory processing in individual modalities, often working inward from the periphery, these studies have not investigated how information from different modalities are combined at the level of cells and circuits of the brain, to influence social behavior. The highly stereotyped architecture and compact form of the fruit fly brain, combined with its powerful genetic tools, make this model system uniquely suited to addressing this central challenge. This dissertation uses a mix of connectomics, machine learning technology for position tracking of natural behavior, genetic circuit manipulations, and two-photon calcium imaging, to investigate mechanisms underlying multisensory integration in Drosophila melanogaster. We identify nodes where auditory and visual pathways converge at synaptic resolution, at neurons known to drive a female rejection behavior, ovipositor extrusion (OE). We find that these multimodal neurons form a multilevel circuit, with each node poised to play a distinct role in modulating behavior. We describe how audiovisual cues from the male influence female OE, and show that some features of male-female communication are governed by either audition or vision, while other features are governed by a combination of the two modalities. We further manipulate key neurons in the circuit, to determine their contributions to OE behavior. This study elucidates how multisensory signals may converge at the cellular and circuit levels to influence a social behavior. Additionally, I explore state-dependent modulations of OE behavior, and investigate synaptic locations and properties of one case study cell of the underlying circuit. Taken together, this dissertation expands our understanding of how cells and circuits process multisensory signals and transform them into dynamic motor responses, in ethologically relevant settings

Princeton Open Ventilation Monitor

The detailed information on the design and construction of the Princeton Open Ventilation Monitor device and software are contained in this data repository. This information consists of the electrical design files, mechanical design files, bill of materials, human subject recording and analysis code, and a copy of the code repository for operating the patient monitors and central station.National Science Foundation grants OAC-1836650, PHY-2031509 and IOS-1845137. Princeton University Office of the ProvostPOVM_README.txt, SuppDesignFilesElectrical.zip, SuppDesignFilesMechanical.zip, BillOfMaterials.xlsx, HumanSubjectTestDataAndAnalysis.zip, princeton-penn-flowmeter-0.8.1.zi

Inexpensive Multipatient Respiratory Monitoring System for Helmet Ventilation During COVID-19 Pandemic

Helmet continuous positive applied pressure is a form of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) that has been used to provide respiratory support to COVID-19 patients. Helmet NIV is low-cost, readily available, provides viral filters between the patient and clinician, and may reduce the need for invasive ventilation. Its widespread adoption has been limited, however, by the lack of a respiratory monitoring system needed to address known safety vulnerabilities and to monitor patients. To address these safety and clinical needs, we developed an inexpensive respiratory monitoring system based on readily available components suitable for local manufacture. Open-source design and manufacturing documents are provided. The monitoring system comprises flow, pressure, and CO2 sensors on the expiratory path of the helmet circuit and a central remote station to monitor up to 20 patients. The system is validated in bench tests, in human-subject tests on healthy volunteers, and in experiments that compare respiratory features obtained at the expiratory path to simultaneous ground-truth measurements from proximal sensors. Measurements of flow and pressure at the expiratory path are shown to deviate at high flow rates, and the tidal volumes reported via the expiratory path are systematically underestimated. Helmet monitoring systems exhibit high-flow rate, nonlinear effects from flow and helmet dynamics. These deviations are found to be within a reasonable margin and should, in principle, allow for calibration, correction, and deployment of clinically accurate derived quantities

Démarches créatives, détours artistiques et appropriation des langues

Ce numéro de Lidil a été pensé pour essayer d’apporter un éclairage sur la question de l’apport des pistes artistiques dans les démarches en didactique de langues et des cultures aujourd’hui. L’appropriation des langues et habiletés langagières gagnerait à être stimulée par ces démarches, dans une perspective où l’apprenant de langue(s) y est considéré comme un sujet social pluriel aux affiliations diverses, porteur d’une expérience située et sensible. Interroger la notion de créativité dans ce cadre permet selon nous de renouveler et amplifier l’idée de détour, telle que thématisée dans le champ des approches plurielles, en mobilisant la dimension émotionnelle et esthétique en sus de la dimension cognitive. Dans ce numéro, notre intérêt se porte plus spécifiquement sur des expériences et expérimentations qui se focalisent sur la construction du sujet plurilingue en s’inscrivant dans une dynamique esthétique, poétique et littéraire. Les dispositifs et environnements didactiques sont ainsi conçus pour révéler l’expérience langagière plurielle des sujets et en faire le matériau même à transformer pour l’amplification de leur répertoire et de leur expression. REMERCIEMENTS Ont été sollicités pour évaluer les articles de ce numéro thématique : Joëlle Aden, Françoise Armand, Nathalie Auger, Aude Bretegnier, Anne-Sophie Calinon, Diane Dagenais, Rebecca Dahm, Jean-François de Pietro, Carole-Anne Deschoux, Euriell Gobbé-Mevellec, Alice Henderson, Émilie Magnat, Martine Marquillo Larruy, Christian Maroy, Monica Masperi, Agnès Millet, Danièle Moore, Christian Nydegger, Christian Puren, Eva Roos, Diana-Lee Simon, Christian Surcouf, Rose-Marie Volle