Beyond ‘developmentalism’: A relational and embodied approach to young children's development

This article begins by discussing ‘developmentalism’, one of the key debates that has characterised the current theoretical impasse in the development of childhood studies. I use Norbert Elias's concept of the relation between love and learning as a foundation to develop the way in which young children's development is a non‐linear, temporal and embodied process. I argue that we need to develop a relational approach that moves beyond some of the binary divisions between ‘nature’ and ‘biology’, drawing on concepts from particular theoretical traditions that have been under‐utilised, particularly the relational school of psychoanalysis and the work of Maurice Merleau‐Ponty

Growing Up in Society - A Historical Social Psychology of Childhood

This paper develops a historical social psychology that can be used to understand young children’s social development. It compares the theoretical frameworks of three of the most important relational thinkers in the 20th century – Norbert Elias, Pierre Bourdieu, and Erich Fromm – to shed light on their attempts to integrate the insights of psychoanalysis into their sociological perspectives. I begin by exploring Bourdieu’s “uneasy” relationship with psychoanalysis, arguing that this has led to a less than successful quest by his followers for bridging concepts that can further develop the concept of social habitus. Fromm, one of the foremost but relatively neglected psychoanalysts of his generation, developed a relational psychoanalysis to explain the social relatedness of individuals in society. However, although his key concept of social character is a bold attempt to make sense of the historical forces that shape our individual and collective lives, it is still too heavily tied to the influence of economic structures in society. I argue that Elias is a more consistent, relational sociologist, able to develop highly nuanced concepts that can fully explain the social habitus of young children, focusing on his concept of “love and learning relationships” to explain how they grow up in society

Executive Mindsets Influencing the Alignment of IT and Strategy

When examining previous research on the IT-business strategy relationship, it becomes evident that a key difficulty for organizations is the alignment of IT and strategy. We find that this alignment can be better understood when examining the heads of the IT and business strategy organizational components, the CIO and the CEO. We propose that a technologist CEO and/or a business savvy CIO will improve the communication and understanding between these components, therefore producing a higher level of strategic alignment. We also propose that the three dimensions of IT capability (which have already been linked business performance), a strong and responsive IT staff, a cost-effective & well-managed IT infrastructure, and an effective IT-business relationship, are direct outcomes of strategically aligned planning. We test our model using the Fortune 1000 insurance firms as our sample. Results indicate that firms with a business savvy CIO are more likely to have a higher IT capability than those without a business savvy CIO

Accretion of Self-interacting Scalar Field Dark Matter Onto a Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m Black Hole

Self-interacting scalar field dark matter can be seen as an extension of the free case known as Fuzzy dark matter. On the other hand, current imagining black holes (BHs) observations provided by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration can not rule out the possibility that BHs can carry some amount of charge. Motivated by these aspects, and by the possibility of detecting DM through its gravitational imprints on BH observations, in this paper, we extend previous studies of accretion of self-interacting scalar field dark matter to the charged BH case. Our analysis is based on the assumption on spherically symmetric flow and employs a test fluid approximation. Concretely, we implement analytical and numerical approaches to investigate the impact of the charge on the energy flux. All analytical expressions are derived from scratch in Schwarzschild coordinates. From this analysis, we notice that the mass accretion rate efficiency is reduced up to $\sim 20\%$ for the maximum allowed charge. Considering the mass accretion rate of M87$^{\star}$ inferred from Polarization data of the EHT, we infer, as a main result, the conservative bound $\lambda_4 > (1.49-10.2)( m / 1 \rm {eV} )^4$. This inference is based on the simple criterion that ensures the mass accretion rate caused by DM remains subdominant compared to the baryonic component.Comment: LaTeX file in RevTeX 4.1 style, 13 pages, 7 figure

Nurse’s Role in Utilizing Early and Progressive Mobilization to Restore Functional Mobility in Hospitalized Geriatric Clients

Geriatric clients aged 65+ are at an increased risk for loss of functional mobility during the course of hospitalization due to acute illness and prolonged periods of bedrest. Loss of function reduces the ability for clients to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), presenting concerning implications for the health, independence, and quality of life for older adults while further increasing both the cost and resource burden on the healthcare system. A literature review aimed at investigating the effects of Early and Progressive Mobilization (EPM) on returning geriatric clients to baseline mobility was conducted using CINAHL, PubMed, OneSearch, and Nursing Reference Center Plus using the following search terms: early and progressive mobil*, geriatrics, loss of function, acute hospitalization, and bedrest. A total of 11 articles met inclusion criteria. Articles that were published prior to 2019, or did not discuss the benefits of EPM in the geriatric population were excluded. The evidence is overwhelming in supporting EPM as a tool that nurses can use to aid in preserving the functional mobility of geriatric clients throughout the course of hospitalization, and shortening the length of stay (LOS). EPM can be defined as clinical exercises that aim to get clients up and moving to restore and/or maintain baseline functional ability. Despite its numerous benefits, EPM is underutilized in the clinical setting. The literature revealed that barriers to implementing EPM include a lack of institutional protocols regarding EPM, insufficient nursing staff, fear of aggravating clients’ condition, time constraints, and resistance from clients

International Comparisons in Learning and Education Eliasian Perspectives

This Open Access edited volume addresses the important role of education in society through the lens of theoretical concepts developed by Norbert Elias. This book sets out to challenge dominant perspectives within the sociology of education by reorientating traditional debates about socialisation, childhood, early years education, care, schooling and the curriculum, focusing on the relational learning processes that lie at the heart of pedagogic relationships between parents, teachers, children and peers. It also offers an innovative perspective on some of the key debates in childhood studies, bringing together and relating the different aspects of childhood through a generational lens. Authors from different countries follow young children as they grow up and learn how to become civilized in institutions in contemporary society, discussing how from one generation to the next they learn from adults and their peers an enormous social fund of knowledge about their world

The social habitus of Early Years Education: Processes of learning and unlearning | O habitus social da Educação Infantil: processos de aprendizagem e de não aprendizagem

Although Norbert Elias did not explicitly address educational practice or the role of education in society, he was deeply interested in the development of the social learning processes of young children and adults. This paper will begin by looking at Elias’s relational perspective on childhood, focusing on the long-term individual civilising processes that young children undergo as they prepare for adulthood in complex societies. It will then focus on two of the major psychoanalytic thinkers of the British object relations school, Donald Winnicott and Wilfred Bion, to understand how these processes of learning are sometimes ‘blocked’ by teachers in different institutions where it is assumed that pedagogy is predominantly a rational, conscious and deliberate process. I will argue that Elias’s distinctive approach to learning can be used to integrate the findings of psychoanalysis, developing a relational sociology of Early Years Education that views schools as anxious institutions where young children have to exercise a more intensive and all-embracing control over their emotions