Development of a Next-Generation Curriculum for Recognizing the Society which Shifts to a Post Nation-State (III) : Study of Evaluation Method of Citizenship

本研究の目的は，新しい地理歴史科カリキュラムで育成する市民的資質を把握する評価方法を示すことにある。そのため，パフォーマンス評価を参考にして，パフォーマンス課題，ルーブリック，評価問題，単元計画を視点に，貨幣を言説として捉えなおし，貨幣についてパーソナルに語る市民的資質を評価する方法を考察した。この結果，本研究は第１に，市民的資質を把握する評価方法として，パフォーマンス評価が有効であること，第２に，パフォーマンス評価は段階的に生徒を向上させる学習論に基づいていること，第３に，パフォーマンス評価は生徒に開示され自己評価するものになること，第４に，パフォーマンス評価は教師と生徒が協力し，目標を達成するためのものであること，を明らかにした。本研究の意義は，パフォーマンス評価を導入すると，一人ひとりの達成水準が見えるようになり，生徒の学習が教師にも生徒自身にも理解でき，自分の学びを分かるようになる。そうすることで，生徒一人一人が，貨幣に関してどのように語ることができるかを，歴史の語りを通して言説と価値観の関係で自分自身で説明できるなどの市民的資質を主体的に学べることを明らかにしたことである。The purpose of this study is to show the evaluation method to understand citizenship to cultivate in the new geography-history Curriculum. Therefore, the performance evaluation to the reference, performance issues, rubrics, assessment questions, the point of view of the unit plan, re-considered as a discourse of the money, was considered a method for assessing the citizenship that speak to personal about money. The significance of this study, the introduction of performance evaluation, would be achieved the level of each and every look, student learning is also able to understand the student himself to the teacher, made to understand their own learning. By doing so, each student is, whether it is possible to tell how in terms of money, the in relation to the discourse and values through the narrative of history can learn the citizenship, such as can be explained by themselves proactively it is that revealed

Seropositivity of a blood recipient from a donor with positive adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigens.

A blood recipient, aged 66, was found to have positive adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigens (ATLA), approximately half a year after a transfusion. The donor's ATLA-antibody titer was 1: 640. Routine screening of blood donors for ATLA antibody was proposed.</p

Active learning in junior high school social studies (I): Reading of the history in the daily life of the student

本研究の目的は，歴史に対する学びを深めるアクティブ・ラーニングを実践するために，歴史の取り扱いをどのように変化させることができるのかを解明することである。 このため、科学的・実証的とされる歴史だけでなく，生徒の日常にある歴史を歴史学習では取り上げることができること，そして，生徒と生徒，生徒と教師が協力して歴史に対する学びの資質を向上できることを示し，実際に、単元「藤原道長に返歌を送ろう」を開発・実践したことを説明した。 この結果，本研究の意義として、中学社会科歴史的分野におけるアクティブ・ラーニングは，歴史認識の在り方を変革し，教科書や歴史学者の歴史を客観的なものから主観的なものへ転換する。そして，生徒自らが歴史を語れるように，学びの資質を向上させる活動となることを示すことができた。A purpose of this study is to elucidate it how you can change the handling of the history to practice active learning to deepen learning for the history. Therefore, what can take up the history in the daily life of the student by the history learning as well as the history told to be like scientific proof, and ,I show that a student, a student and a teacher cooperate with a student and can improve nature of the learning for the history,and ,I really practiced a class. As a result, as significance of this study, the active learning in the junior high school social studies historic field revolutionizes attitude of history recognition,and I switch the history of a textbook and the historian from an objective thing to a subjective thing,and I was able to show that it became the activity to improve nature of the learning so that student oneself could recite the history

Na依存性PiトランスポーターNpt2cは、KlothoノックアウトマウスPi恒常性において成長期と成熟期では異なる作用を有する

SLC34A3/NPT2c/NaPi-2c/Npt2c is a growth-related NaPi cotransporter that mediates the uptake of renal sodium-dependent phosphate (Pi). Mutation of human NPT2c causes hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria. Mice with Npt2c knockout, however, exhibit normal Pi metabolism. To investigate the role of Npt2c in Pi homeostasis, we generated α-klotho−/−/Npt2c−/− (KL2cDKO) mice and analyzed Pi homeostasis. α-Klotho−/− (KLKO) mice exhibit hyperphosphatemia and markedly increased kidney Npt2c protein levels. Genetic disruption of Npt2c extended the lifespan of KLKO mice similar to that of α-Klotho−/−/Npt2a−/− mice. Adult KL2cDKO mice had hyperphosphatemia, but analysis of Pi metabolism revealed significantly decreased intestinal and renal Pi (re)absorption compared with KLKO mice. The 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 concentration was not reduced in KL2cDKO mice compared with that in KLKO mice. The KL2cDKO mice had less severe soft tissue and vascular calcification compared with KLKO mice. Juvenile KL2cDKO mice had significantly reduced plasma Pi levels, but Pi metabolism was not changed. In Npt2cKO mice, plasma Pi levels began to decrease around the age of 15 days and significant hypophosphatemia developed within 21 days. The findings of the present study suggest that Npt2c contributes to regulating plasma Pi levels in the juvenile stage and affects Pi retention in the soft and vascular tissues in KLKO mice

Type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase negatively regulates fibroblast growth factor signaling by phosphorylating Raf-1 at serine 43 in rat chondrosarcoma cells

Although type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKGII) is a major downstream effector of cGMP in chondrocytes and attenuates the FGF receptor 3/ERK signaling pathway, its direct target proteins have not been fully explored. In the present study, we attempted to identify PKGII-targeted proteins, which are associated with the inhibition of FGF-induced MAPK activation. Although FGF2 stimulation induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, MEK1/2, and Raf-1 at Ser-338 in rat chondrosarcoma cells, pretreatment with a cell-permeable cGMP analog strongly inhibited their phosphorylation. On the other hand, Ser-43 of Raf-1 was phosphorylated by cGMP in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, we examined the direct phosphorylation of Raf-1 by PKGII. Wild-type PKGII phosphorylated Raf-1 at Ser-43 in a cGMP-dependent manner, but a PKGII D412A/R415A mutant, which has a low affinity for cGMP, did not. Finally, we found that a phospho-mimic mutant, Raf-1 S43D, suppressed FGF2-induced MAPK pathway. These results suggest that PKGII counters FGF-induced MEK/ERK activation through the phosphorylation of Raf-1 at Ser-43 in chondrocytes

Abyssal fauna, benthic microbes, and organic matter quality across a range of trophic conditions in the western Pacific ocean

Abstract The abyssal plain covers more than half the Earth's surface. The main food source to abyssal ecosystems is phytodetritus, which originates from phytoplankton in the surface ocean, and thus its variability to the seafloor is a major driver of abyssal ecosystem biomass and functioning. In this study, we conducted a comparative survey on organic matter (OM) quality and quantity in abyssal plain sediments and examined the distributions of megafauna, macrofauna, meiofauna, prokaryotes, and viruses in eutrophic (39°N), oligotrophic (1°N), and ultra-oligotrophic (12°N) areas of the western Pacific. We also analyzed stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of organisms at 39°N and 1°N to assess differences in benthic abyssal food-web structures with contrasting trophic states. Sediments collected at 39°N presented highest concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC) and labile OM, and high diffusive oxygen uptake rates. By contrast, the lowest values were found at 12°N. Vertical distributions of sediment macrofauna, meiofauna, and prokaryotes matched with labile OM profiles. There were prominent differences in abundances of macro- and megafauna among stations with different OM fluxes, whereas the abundance of meiofauna and prokaryotes showed smaller differences among stations. Such differences could be explained by higher turnover rates of smaller organisms. Food-web structures of abyssal plains are likely influenced by both the type and size of primary producers in surface ocean. Our results underscore the crucial importance of OM fluxes and their compositions to the abundances and vertical profiles of labile OM and benthic biota in abyssal ecosystems

Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for acoustic neuromas: safety and effectiveness over 8 years of experience.

Little information is available about long-term outcomes of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (hypo-FSRT) for acoustic neuromas. In this study, the safety and effectiveness of hypo-FSRT for unilateral acoustic neuroma were reviewed over 8 years of experience at our institution

Percutaneous drainage of psoas and iliopsoas muscle abscesses with a one-step technique under real-time computed tomography fluoroscopic guidance

PURPOSE : To evaluate the utility and safety of drainage catheter installation for psoas/iliopsoas muscle abscesses using a one-step technique under the guidance of real-time computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy. MATERIALS and METHODS : Ten psoas or iliopsoas muscle abscesses in 7 patients that were treated with percutaneous drainage were included in this study. All drainage procedures were carried out using a one-step technique under real-time CT fluoroscopic guidance. RESULTS : The drainage catheter insertion was performed successfully with the one-step technique in all lesions. Improvements in the patients’ symptoms and blood test results were seen after the drainage procedure in all cases. In addition, postoperative CT scans demonstrated that the abscesses had reduced in size or disappeared in all but one patient, who was transferred to another institution while the drainage catheter was still in place. No major complications were seen in any case. CONCLUSION : The one-step procedure is simple to perform. The percutaneous drainage of psoas or iliopsoas muscle abscesses with the one-step technique under real-time CT fluoroscopic guidance is accurate and safe. Moreover, compared with the two-step technique the one-step procedure results in a shorter drainage procedure and exposes the patient and operator to lower amounts of radiation

合併症を有するB型大動脈解離に対するステントグラフト内挿術における腎動脈に対する治療戦略 : 多施設共同研究

Background: Management of abdominal branches associated with Stanford type B aortic dissection is controversial without definite criteria for therapy after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). This is in part due to lack of data on natural history related to branch vessels and their relationship with the dissection flap, true lumen, and false lumen. Purpose: To investigate the natural history of abdominal branches after TEVAR for type B aortic dissection and the relationship between renal artery anatomy and renal volume as a surrogate measure of perfusion. Materials and Methods: This study included patients who underwent TEVAR for complicated type B dissection from January 2012 to March 2017 at 20 centers. Abdominal aortic branches were classified with following features: patency, branch vessel origin, and presence of extension of the aortic dissection into a branch (pattern 1, supplied by the true lumen without branch dissection; pattern 2, supplied by the true lumen with branch dissection, etc). The branch artery patterns before TEVAR were compared with those of the last follow-up CT (mean interval, 19.7 months) for spontaneous healing. Patients with one kidney supplied by pattern 1 and the other kidney by a different pattern were identified, and kidney volumes over the course were compared by using a simple linear regression model. Results: Two hundred nine patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 66 years ± 13; 165 men and 44 women; median follow-up, 18 months) were included. Four hundred fifty-nine abdominal branches at the last follow-up were evaluable. Spontaneous healing of the dissected branch occurred in 63% (64 of 102) of pattern 2 branches. Regarding the other patterns, 6.5% (six of 93) of branches achieved spontaneous healing. In 79 patients, renal volumes decreased in kidneys with pattern 2 branches with more than 50% stenosis and branches supplied by the aortic false lumen (patterns 3 and 4) compared with contralateral kidneys supplied by pattern 1 (pattern 2 vs pattern 1: −16% ± 16 vs 0.10% ± 11, P = .002; patterns 3 and 4 vs pattern 1: −13% ± 14 vs 8.5% ± 14, P = .004). Conclusion: Spontaneous healing occurs more frequently in dissected branches arising from the true lumen than in other branch patterns. Renal artery branches supplied by the aortic false lumen or a persistently dissected artery with greater than 50% stenosis are associated with significantly greater kidney volume loss.博士（医学）・乙第1461号・令和2年6月30日Copyright © 2019 by authors and RSNA. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/