Additional file 1: Item S1. of Questionnaire survey on nutritional supplement therapy and exercise training at hemodialysis facilities in Japan

Questionnaire. (PDF 194 kb

Additional file 3: Table S3. of Questionnaire survey on nutritional supplement therapy and exercise training at hemodialysis facilities in Japan

Logistic regression analysis with conducted using per-100-patient staffing level. (PDF 111 kb

Additional file 2: Table S2. of Questionnaire survey on nutritional supplement therapy and exercise training at hemodialysis facilities in Japan

Proportion of facilities providing interventions based on lower and higher response probabilities. (PDF 88 kb

Early Mortality Was Highly and Strongly Associated with Functional Status in Incident Japanese Hemodialysis Patients: A Cohort Study of the Large National Dialysis Registry

<div><p>Background</p><p>Although dialysis is typically started in an effort to prolong survival, mortality is reportedly high in the first few months. However, it remains unclear whether this is true in Japanese patients who tend to have a better prognosis than other ethnicities, and if health conditions such as functional status (FS) at initiation of dialysis influence prognosis.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We investigated the epidemiology of early death and its association with FS using Japanese national registry data in 2007, which included 35,415 patients on incident dialysis and 7,664 with FS data. The main outcome was early death, defined as death within 3 months after initiation of hemodialysis (HD). The main predictor was FS at initiation of HD. Levels of functional disability were categorized as follows: severe (bedridden), moderate (overt difficulties in exerting basic activities of daily living), or mild/none (none or some functional disabilities).</p><p>Results</p><p>Early death remained relatively common, especially among elderly patients (overall: 7.1%; those aged ≥80 years: 15.8%). Severely and even only a moderately impaired FS were significantly associated with early death after starting dialysis (adjusted risk ratios: 3.93 and 2.38, respectively). The incidence of early death in those with impaired FS increased with age (36.5% in those with severely impaired FS and aged ≥80 years).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Early death after starting dialysis was relatively common, especially among the elderly, even in Japanese patients. Further, early death was significantly associated with impaired FS at initiation of HD.</p></div

Baseline Characteristics of Subjects Compared Among Those with Different Functional Status (n = 7,664).

<p>Baseline Characteristics of Subjects Compared Among Those with Different Functional Status (n = 7,664).</p

Early death risk and the association with functional status at the start of hemodialysis, accounting for patient age (n = 7,664).

<p>Risk ratios for early death were adjusted for the difference in distribution of covariates among patients categorized into 12 subgroups using modified Poission regression models with robust variance. The axis of the rate ratio for early death was represented with a logged scale. Error bars denote 95% CIs. Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.</p

Association of Functional Status with Early Mortality After the Start of Hemodialysis.

<p>Association of Functional Status with Early Mortality After the Start of Hemodialysis.</p

Demographics.

<p>*This includes subcutaneously fixed superficial arteries and direct puncture of arteries.</p><p>Data shown as mean (SD) or median (interquartile range) for continuous variables and number (%) for categorical variables.</p><p>Demographics.</p

Association between categories of pre-dialysis serum phosphate, albumin-corrected calcium, intact PTH levels and incident MI (A), hemorrhagic stroke (B), ischemic stroke (C), and composite of MI and stroke (D).

<p>MI: myocardial infarction, Ca: calcium, PTH: parathyroid hormone.</p

Baseline Characteristics and All-cause Mortality Compared between Those Who Were Enrolled and Excluded from This study.

<p>Baseline Characteristics and All-cause Mortality Compared between Those Who Were Enrolled and Excluded from This study.</p