Steroids in cardiopulmonary bypass [5] (multiple letters)

SCOPUS: le.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

A single dose of oral nattokinase accelerates skin temperature recovery after cold water immersion: A double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study

Nattokinase (NK) intake may improve blood flow; however, its effects on skin temperature, which is predominantly controlled by skin surface blood flow, are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a single dose of NK on changes in skin temperature after cold water immersion. A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover intervention study was performed on nine healthy men. The participants were randomised to receive either a single dose of 2,000 fibrinolytic units (FU) of NK or a placebo with subsequent crossover. Two hours after supplementation, the participants immersed both hands in a water bath maintained at 10 °C for 1 min. Skin temperature, perceived coldness, cardiac output, and sympathetic nervous activity were measured before, during, and after water immersion. Two-way analysis of variance showed a significant effect of treatment interaction on the skin temperature of the middle finger, palm, and back of the right hand (p < 0.05). These findings represented that the skin temperatures of the middle finger, palm, and back of the right hand immersed in the cold water were significantly dropped due to the cold water immersion, and then recovered more quickly by NK intake than by placebo intake. The results of the current study highlight the potential implications of NK for the prevention of excessive vasoconstriction. It may be more significant for those with cold-sensitive constitution, such as women and elderly. In contrast, the acute administration of 2,000 FU of NK did not affect changes in heart rate, cardiac output, sympathetic nervous activity compared with a placebo in healthy men

COVID-19流行下における放送大学生の学習に対する意識の変化

　2020年に発生した新型コロナウイルス感染症（COVID-19）の世界的な拡大は、社会や経済へ多大な影響を与えた。教育現場は遠隔授業に切り替えるなどの対応を迫られ、放送大学では、面接授業の閉講や遠隔授業への切り替え、学習センター等の大学施設の利用制限などを余儀なくされた。このような急激な社会や学習環境の変化は、放送大学生の学習に対する意識に何らかの影響を及ぼしているものと考えられる。そこで本研究は、COVID-19流行下における放送大学生の学習に対する意識について、大学に対する満足度、学習に対する意識や意欲、授業の履修選択時に関心を持つキーワード、の３つに着目して明らかにすることを目的とした。放送大学教養学部生を対象に、2021年８月（第１回調査）と2022年１月（第２回調査）にwebアンケート調査を行った。第１回調査では、層化無作為抽出法により抽出した8,000名に調査への参加を依頼し、3,613名（45.2％）から回答を得た。第２回調査では、第１回調査の回答者のうち2021年第２学期に在籍していた3,319名に依頼し、2,442名（73.6％）から回答を得た。このうち、両調査に回答した男女2,394名を分析対象とした。その結果、COVID-19流行下における放送大学に対する満足度は、全体的に低いものの女性で向上していることが示された。一方、学習に対する意識や意欲は男女ともに維持されており、女性は男性よりも意識や意欲が向上したことが明らかとなった。授業の履修選択時に関心を持つキーワードには大きな変化は見られず、男女とも両調査で「健康習慣と行動」に高い関心を示した。本研究の結果は、COVID-19流行下における、学生の放送大学に対する満足度や学習意識を明らかにしたものであり、今後の放送大学の取り組みを考える上での基礎資料となることが期待できる

Variants encoding a restricted carboxy-terminal domain of SLC12A2 cause hereditary hearing loss in humans.

Hereditary hearing loss is challenging to diagnose because of the heterogeneity of the causative genes. Further, some genes involved in hereditary hearing loss have yet to be identified. Using whole-exome analysis of three families with congenital, severe-to-profound hearing loss, we identified a missense variant of SLC12A2 in five affected members of one family showing a dominant inheritance mode, along with de novo splice-site and missense variants of SLC12A2 in two sporadic cases, as promising candidates associated with hearing loss. Furthermore, we detected another de novo missense variant of SLC12A2 in a sporadic case. SLC12A2 encodes Na+, K+, 2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC) 1 and plays critical roles in the homeostasis of K+-enriched endolymph. Slc12a2-deficient mice have congenital, profound deafness; however, no human variant of SLC12A2 has been reported as associated with hearing loss. All identified SLC12A2 variants mapped to exon 21 or its 3'-splice site. In vitro analysis indicated that the splice-site variant generates an exon 21-skipped SLC12A2 mRNA transcript expressed at much lower levels than the exon 21-included transcript in the cochlea, suggesting a tissue-specific role for the exon 21-encoded region in the carboy-terminal domain. In vitro functional analysis demonstrated that Cl- influx was significantly decreased in all SLC12A2 variants studied. Immunohistochemistry revealed that SLC12A2 is located on the plasma membrane of several types of cells in the cochlea, including the strial marginal cells, which are critical for endolymph homeostasis. Overall, this study suggests that variants affecting exon 21 of the SLC12A2 transcript are responsible for hereditary hearing loss in humans

R-CHOP with dose-attenuated radiation therapy could induce good prognosis in gastric diffuse large B cell lymphoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The treatment strategy for gastric diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has not been standardized in such as to the cycles of chemotherapy, dose of radiation, or necessity for the surgery. Although the results of CHOP or R-CHOP treatments have demonstrated the good prognosis, the treatments have been controversial in many cases.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We retrospectively analyzed 40 gastric DLBCL patients receiving chemotherapy with or without radiation in our institute. Those in stages II-IV were treated with six cycles of R-CHOP without radiation; for those in stage I, we administered three cycles of R-CHOP with radiation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The three-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 95.2 and 91.8%, respectively. Those in stage I obtained 100% of OS. The radiation dose prescribed was 30.6 Gy for CR cases and 39.6 to 40 Gy for PR after chemotherapy. Although survival rates tended to correlate with staging groups or age-adjusted IPI classifications, multivariate statistical analysis did not show clear differences. All 14 patients with initial bleeding were successfully managed without surgery during treatment.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>R-CHOP therapy was very effective for gastric DLBCL. It may be not necessary to use more than 30.6 Gy of radiotherapy in the highly chemo-sensitive cases. Less toxic treatments should be made available to gastric DLBCL patients.</p