Expression study of cadherin7 and cadherin20 in the embryonic and adult rat central nervous system

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Vertebrate classic cadherins are divided into type I and type II subtypes, which are individually expressed in brain subdivisions (e.g., prosomeres, rhombomeres, and progenitor domains) and in specific neuronal circuits in region-specific manners. We reported previously the expression of <it>cadherin19 </it>(<it>cad19</it>) in Schwann cell precursors. <it>Cad19 </it>is a type II classic cadherin closely clustered on a chromosome with <it>cad7 </it>and <it>cad20</it>. The expression patterns of <it>cad7 </it>and <it>cad20 </it>have been reported previously in chick embryo but not in the developing and adult central nervous system of mammals. In this study, we identified rat <it>cad7 </it>and <it>cad20 </it>and analyzed their expression patterns in embryonic and adult rat brains.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Rat cad7 protein showed 92% similarity to chick cad7, while rat cad20 protein had 76% similarity to <it>Xenopus </it>F-cadherin. Rat <it>cad7 </it>mRNA was initially expressed in the anterior neural plate including presumptive forebrain and midbrain regions, and then accumulated in cells of the dorsal neural tube and in rhombomere boundary cells of the hindbrain. Expression of rat <it>cad20 </it>mRNA was specifically localized in the anterior neural region and rhombomere 2 in the early neural plate, and later in longitudinally defined ventral cells of the hindbrain. The expression boundaries of <it>cad7 </it>and <it>cad20 </it>corresponded to those of region-specific transcription factors such as <it>Six3</it>, <it>Irx3 </it>and <it>Otx2 </it>in the neural plate, and <it>Dbx2 </it>and <it>Gsh1 </it>in the hindbrain. At later stages, the expression of <it>cad7 </it>and <it>cad20 </it>disappeared from neuroepithelial cells in the hindbrain, and was almost restricted to postmitotic cells, e.g. somatic motor neurons and precerebellar neurons. These results emphasized the diversity of <it>cad7 </it>and <it>cad20 </it>expression patterns in different vertebrate species, i.e. birds and rodents.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Taken together, our findings suggest that the expression of <it>cad7 </it>and <it>cad20 </it>demarcates the compartments, boundaries, progenitor domains, specific nuclei and specific neural circuits during mammalian brain development.</p

『古事記』における漢語・漢文学の受容と英訳を通して見る文体の特徴

早大学位記番号:新8346早稲田大

ポテンショスタティック法による歯科用アマルガムの耐食性試験

The aim of this study was to examine the validity of a test method (report from ISO/TC meeting in London, October 1998, document N55) for the corrosion resistance of amalgam, considered for adoption as ISO (International Organization for Standardization) test. The corrosion resistance of six types of amalgam was evaluated using the proposed potentiostatic test (N55). The test procedure (N55) was found to be relatively simple and provide reproducible results. Therefore the proposed potentiostatic test can be justified as a standard test of corrosion resistance for dental amalgams

Fundamental Study to Create a Joint Modeling Bringing up a Skill to Build a Relationship in a Childcare Facility

近年の社会変化により，子どもの遊びには変化が見られ，主体性を発揮して夢中になれる活動や，友達とやりとりをしながら創造性を発揮する機会が，必要とされている。つまり，遊びを通した子ども同士の関わりは，道徳性・社会性を育み，人間関係形成能力を育むための重要な課題であると指摘できる。人間関係形成能力を育むための活動の１つとして，共同造形制作が考えられる。本論では，子ども同士の関わりを作る造形表現活動の実践は，１人では作ることができない大きな作品で，アイデアを多く必要とする「寄せがき方式」の制作遊びを設定して行うことが望ましいと考えられる。創造的な遊びには，子どもにとって友達とイメージを共有して作る要素が多く，テーマや色や形を工夫していくことができると考える。Due to recent social changes, we can see changes in how children play and it is required to have activities that they can really into by exercising independence or opportunities in which they can exercise creativity by communicating with friends. Accordingly, we can indicate that communication among children through playing will be an important issue to grow morality and sociality as well as growing skills to build a relationship. As one of activities to grow skills to build a relationship, we can consider a joint modeling. In this study, we consider that practices of activities to express modeling that build a relationship among children should be a big work that cannot be created alone therefore it is desirable to proceed such practices by setting a play to create a “message method” that require a lot of ideas. Creative play has many elements created by sharing images with friends for children and we consider that they can devise themes, colors, and shapes

Childcare Practice Study of Rythmique that Draws Proactive Physical Expression from Children (1st Report) : Mainly Including Cases of Classes for One, Two, and Three Years Old in a Childcare Facility

近年の先行研究を「身体表現」「音楽教育」「リトミック」「遊戯」をキーワードに概観すると，100 年を超える歴史の中で，リトミックの捉え方が変容していることと，リトミックの新しい保育実践研究が必要であることが，明らかになった。そこで本論では，保育施設におけるリトミックの実践から，子どもが何を学び，何が育っているのかを論考した。その結果，以下のことが示唆された。(1)１歳児学級の子どもは，保育者の模倣を活発に行う段階である。(2)２歳児学級においては，子どもが自由に想像し表現できるよう，保育者は，配慮する必要がある。(3)３歳児学級においては，表現することの楽しさを通して心が解放される気持ち良さを感じることや，リトミックの主題や保育者の姿に集中することや，何かを達成する喜びを感じること等が重要である。When we outline recent prior-research with key words, “physical expression”,“music education”, “Rythmique” , and “play” , it was clarified that how we consider Rythmique had been changed in the history over 100 years and new study for Rythmique practice is required. Accordingly, this article discussed what children learn from Rythmique practice in a childcare facility and what is grown. As the result, the followings were suggested. i. One years old children are in a phase where they actively imitate their guardians. ii. For a class for two years old children, guardians need to take care of children so that they can freely express. iii. For a class for three years old children, it is important to feel comfort by which their mind can be released and concentrate on a subject of Rythmique or appearance of guardians, and feel pleasure to achieve something through how fun it is to exp ress

Widely Extended [OIII] 88 um Line Emission around the 30 Doradus Region Revealed with AKARI FIS-FTS

We present the distribution map of the far-infrared [OIII] 88um line emission around the 30 Doradus (30 Dor) region in the Large Magellanic Cloud obtained with the Fourier Transform Spectrometer of the Far-Infrared Surveyor onboard AKARI. The map reveals that the [OIII] emission is widely distributed by more than 10' around the super star cluster R136, implying that the 30 Dor region is affluent with interstellar radiation field hard enough to ionize O^{2+}. The observed [OIII] line intensities are as high as (1-2) x 10^{-6} W m^{-2} sr^{-1} on the peripheral regions 4'-5' away from the center of 30 Dor, which requires gas densities of 60-100 cm^{-3}. However the observed size of the distribution of the [OIII] emission is too large to be explained by massive stars in the 30 Dor region enshrouded by clouds with the constant gas density of 10^2 cm^{-3}. Therefore the surrounding structure is likely to be highly clumpy. We also find a global correlation between the [OIII] and the far-infrared continuum emission, suggesting that the gas and dust are well mixed in the highly-ionized region where the dust survives in clumpy dense clouds shielded from the energetic photons.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan (PASJ

Searching a Teaching Method to Develop Pupils' Understanding of Food Culture: Through a Unit "Let's Taste Dashi" in Sixth Year Home Economics Classes

本研究の目的は，我が国の伝統食である和食に関する指導内容と指導方法の開発をし，その効果について考察することである。研究の方法としては，和食の基本であるだしと行事食であるお雑煮を題材とし，本校6年生に対して授業実践を行った。授業中の子どもたちの様子やワークシート等で、その効果について考察をした。その結果，だしを飲み比べたり，すまし汁を飲み比べたりしたことで，だしの味わいを感じ，だしの必要性に気付くことができた。また，お雑煮について調べたり実際に作って試食したりしたことで，だしに対する学習がより深いものになり，お雑煮への理解，家庭に伝わる味を知るきっかけにつながった。The purpose of this study was to develop a teaching content and method about Japanese traditional food and analyze the educational effects of the method. The target of this case study was the six graders of our elementary school with two topics: (a) dashi, Japanese soup stocks, and (b) zoni, a traditional soup with rice cake eaten on the New Year's Day. In the lesson, the pupils tasted dashi and realized its need for Japanese food, through comparing some dashi and sumashi-jiru (soup with salt and soy sauce). Moreover, studying, making and tasting zoni deepened pupils' learning about dashi, which motivated them to understand about zoni and to know their family recipes

Comparison of serum ferritin and oxidative stress biomarkers between Japanese workers with and without metabolic syndrome

Objective Metabolic syndrome (MS) is closely associated to life-style and is characterized by central obesity causing severe diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM) or atherosclerosis. This study investigates the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in MS. Subjects Total of 685 workers stratified by gender (293 men and 392 women) with a mean age of 41.2 ± 10.4 in different offices in a city in Japan. Methods Fasting blood and urine tests for MS, oxidative and/or inflammatory biomarker analysis and blood pressure (BP) measurement were performed. MS was defined on the basis of the Japanese criterion. Results Serum ferritin and urinary hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels were significantly higher in subjects with MS than those without. Ferritin was positively correlated with 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in all subjects and it was negatively correlated with 8-isoprostane and H2O2 in men. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between ferritin and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-R) in men. By using multiple regression analysis, ferritin was closely correlated with HOMA-R, γ-GT, 8-OHdG, smoking value and amount of alcohol ingestion in men, and it was correlated with 8-OHdG, γ-GT, HOMA-R in women under 50 years old. Conclusions Ferritin is a useful marker of MS including insulin resistance, reflecting the importance of oxidative stress as a cause of MS, especially in men