The prevalence of the 9 drug-resistant mutations detected by ultra-deep sequencing derived from liver tissue.

<p>(-): mutant clones less than 0.3% among total clones at each nucleotide sites.</p><p>LAM: lamivudine, ADV: adefovir, ETV: entecavir.</p

The prevalence of M204VI mutation at YMDD site in patients before and after entecavir administration.

<p>Mutation frequency (%): the ratio of total mutant clones to total aligned coverage at each nucleotide sites.</p><p>(-): mutant clones less than 0.3% among total clones at each nucleotide sites.</p

The prevalence of G1896A mutation in the pre-C region, and A1762T and G1764A mutations in the core-promoter region in the liver of patients chronically infected with HBV.

<p>Values in parenthesis show mutation frequency (%): the ratio of total mutant clones to total aligned coverage at each nucleotide sites.</p><p>NA: nucleotide analogue, pre C: precore, CP: core promoter, LAM: lamivudine, ETV: entecavir.</p

Characteristics of patients with chronic HBV infection analyzed in this study.

†<p>Values are median (range).</p>*<p>P = 0.042.</p

Viral complexity of the HBV quasispecies in association with clinical status.

<p>(A) The Shannon entropy values for each viral genomic region were determined in the liver of chronic-naïve and chronic-NA cases. (B) Among the chronic-naïve cases, the Shannon entropy values are shown for patients with serum HBV DNA levels less than 5.0 log copies/ml (<5.0) and greater than 5.0 log copies/ml (≥5.0) (left panel), patients under the age of 55 years (<55) and over the age of 55 (≥55) (middle panel), and patients with low (F1–2) and high (F3–4) liver fibrosis levels (right panel). preS: pre-surface, preC-C: precore∼core N.S.: not significant.</p

The frequency of mutation rate and the Shannon entropy in each viral genome region.

<p>Mutation rate (%): the ratio of total different nucleotides from the reference sequence to total aligned nucleotides.</p><p>preS: pre-surface, preC-C: pre-core∼core.</p