ゼンガク キョウツウ キョウイク ノ ゲンジョウ ト カダイ : ガクセイ ニヨル ジュギョウ ヒョウカ アンケート チョウサ ノ ブンセキ カラ

近年、全国の大学で授業評価アンケート調査が盛んに行われている。しかし、調査の結果は十分 に活用されているとは言い難い。本稿では、徳島大学の「全学共通教育授業評価アンケート調査」を取 り上げ、その現状について分析、考察を行った。2 節では、徳島大学の全学共通教育における授業評価 の取り組みについてみた。徳島大学の取り組みは他大学と比較しても、実施体制が整備されており、内 容も充実したものであることを確認した。3 節では、過去3 年間の調査結果を振り返った。欠席数が少 ないにもかかわらず、学習時間がきわめて少ないことなどが分かった。また、各授業分野の特徴も明ら かになった。この結果をふまえ、それぞれの分野の改善点や進むべき方向性について、いっそうの議論 が求められよう。4 節では、授業選択の理由および授業評価項目間の関連構造に注目した分析を行った。 そのうえで授業改善の方向性についていくつかの課題を示した。Recently, student evaluation surveys have been conducted at universities throughout the country. However, the results of the surveys have not been adequately utilized. In this paper, we examine “The Survey of Student Evaluation for General Education” of the University of Tokushima. In section 2, we examine the approach of the class evaluation in the University of Tokushima which, in comparison with other Japanese universities, has an adequate evaluation system with well-developed surveys for the class evaluation compared with another university. In section 3, we examine the survey results of the past three years which show that students’ study time is extremely low, though the number of absence is small. The features of each field addressed in the evaluation are clarified. In section 4, we analyze the reasons behind students’ class selection and the structure among the student evaluation items

Visual Influence of Additive Color Mixture in reconstructed Hologram Images using He-Cd Laser and Dichroic Mirrors

A blue white beam of commercially available He-Cd laser can be divided into the three primary color beams of light, i. e., R/G/B beam components using a set of dichroic mirrors. The dichroic mirror is widely used for color TV cameras to separate the visual image into its three primary color components. In this study, an influence of additive color mixture in two types of reconstructed hologram images is checked through the optical experiments using the He-Cd laser and dichroic mirrors. The visual appearances and deteriorations of reconstructed color images owing to the cross-talk called overlapped or ghost image are discussed as for the optical Fresnel hologram and computer generated FTH (Fourier Transform Hologram)

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target

The Oncogene Addiction Switch from NOTCH to PI3K Requires Simultaneous Targeting of NOTCH and PI3K Pathway Inhibition in Glioblastoma

The NOTCH pathway regulates neural stem cells and glioma initiating cells (GICs). However, blocking NOTCH activity with γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) fails to alter the growth of GICs, as GSIs seem to be active in only a fraction of GICs lines with constitutive NOTCH activity. Here we report loss of PTEN function as a critical event leading to resistance to NOTCH inhibition, which causes the transfer of oncogene addiction from the NOTCH pathway to the PI3K pathway. Drug cytotoxicity testing of eight GICs showed a differential growth response to GSI, and the GICs were thus stratified into two groups: sensitive and resistant. In the sensitive group, GICs with loss of PTEN function appeared less sensitive to GSI treatment. Here we show that NOTCH regulates PTEN expression and the activity of the PI3K pathway in GICs, as treatment with GSI attenuated the NOTCH pathway and increased PTEN expression. NOTCH regulates PTEN expression via Hes-1, as knockdown of Notch or Hes1 increased expression of PTEN. This novel observation suggests that both pathways must be simultaneously inhibited in order to improve therapeutic efficacy in human glioblastomas (GBMs)

A case of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to perimedullary arteriovenous fistula with multiple feeders at the craniocervical junction cured by treating the common draining vein and a review of the literature

Objective: Craniocervical junction arteriovenous fistula (CCJ-AVF) is a rare disease, and preoperative imaging evaluation is important in developing treatment strategies due to the complexity of the vascular architecture, such as the feeding vessels, shunt points, and draining veins. In the present study, we report a case of hemorrhagic perimedullary CCJ-AVF with multiple feeding vessels in which the common single draining vein was dissected by craniotomy and completely treated. Case presentation: A 71-year-old woman presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage (Hunt & Kosnik, grade II). Cerebrovascular CTA showed no intracranial cerebral aneurysm and findings suggestive of shunt disease at the CCJ. Based on cerebral angiography, the patient was diagnosed with perimedullary CCJ AVF, with the right radicular and the left anterior spinal arteries as feeders which drain into a common dilated coronary vein through a shunt located on the ventral side of the spinal cord and then drain into the ascending and descending anterior spinal veins. Ventricular drainage was performed for acute hydrocephalus, and arteriovenous fistula was dissected electively by craniotomy on day 17 after onset. A clip was applied to the single draining vein, which had been evaluated using preoperative imaging diagnosis. Intraoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) confirmed the disappearance of shunt blood flow, and the surgery was completed. The follow-up DSA did not show shunt blood flow, and the patient was transferred to a rehabilitation hospital with a modified Rankin scale score of 2. Conclusion: CCJ-AVF cases often have a complex vascular architecture, and it is important to use various modalities to understand the vascular anatomy in detail and develop an appropriate treatment strategy