The pupa of <i>A</i>. <i>luminosa</i> spins a suspensory cord from the thorax to the cave ceiling before pupation.

<p>Image by 64 and reproduced with the permission of the New Zealand Speleological Society (NZSS).</p

Characterization of the Fishing Lines in Titiwai (=<i>Arachnocampa luminosa</i> Skuse, 1890) from New Zealand and Australia - Fig 7

<p><b>A)</b> and <b>C)</b> Cryo-fixed threads are almost roundish and there is crystal formation within the water droplet area during sublimation. <b>B)</b> Threads collected on hydrophobic glass slides appear partly flat, with incorporated crystals between the fibres. Scale bar in A = 100 μm; B = 20 μm; C = 200 μm.</p

Under conditions of high humidity (60%), a low water loss over time (8 days) was determined (red circled line), while at a lower humidity (30%, red squared line) there was a fast weight loss (after 3 days).

<p>In relation to this, water (blue line) showed a more constant evaporation rate at 60% humidity and likewise reached its final minima after 3 days. <i>Bombyx mori</i> silkworm fibres (green line), watered for 24 h, evaporated within 2 days, showing the highest weight loss within the first 12 h.</p

EDX values of the different elements and chemicals, given in atomic%, present in the different glowworm species.

<p>EDX values of the different elements and chemicals, given in atomic%, present in the different glowworm species.</p

EDX values of the different elements and chemicals, given in atomic%, typically produced by insects.

<p>EDX values of the different elements and chemicals, given in atomic%, typically produced by insects.</p

<i>Arachnocampa</i> larva within its tube, moving from left to right with its head (h).

<p>The larva attracts the prey with its light organ (LO) and then catches it with adhesive threads, made of silk (s) and adhesive vesicles (v). Image by Gatenby (1959) and reproduced with the permission of the Royal Society of New Zealand.</p

EDX values of the different elements and chemicals, given in atomic%, present in the water within the Spellbound cave.

<p>EDX values of the different elements and chemicals, given in atomic%, present in the water within the Spellbound cave.</p