DAC 12203 Environmental Engineering (Lecture Notes)

This module will give the students an understanding of the Environmental Engineering for the course DAC 12203 offered by the Centre of Diploma Studies (CeDS), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM

Environmental Engineering (Laboratory)

This module will give the students an understanding of the Environmental Engineering (Laboratory) for the course DAC 12203 offered by the Centre of Diploma Studies (CeDS), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)

Analysis of car following headway along multilane highway

This study describes driver’s car following headway on multilane highways. The aim of this study is to analyse the driver’s car following headway along multilane highway at four selected locations. The objectives of this study were to determine car headway at Jalan Batu Pahat – Ayer Hitam multilane highway and to develop linear regression models to present the relationships between headway and speed. Videotaping method was used in field data collection during peak hours. Data were extracted from recorded video by using the image processing technique software. The distance headways and associated vehicles speeds were classified into vehicle following category by vehicle type: car following car, car following heavy goods vehicle, heavy goods vehicle following heavy goods vehicle and heavy goods vehicle following car categories. Linear regressions models were used to develop the relationships between headway and speed. Based on all headway distribution, it is found that patterns of the vehicle headways at four study locations were similar, which shown a significant number of the vehicles travel at headways less than 5 seconds. Furthermore, it can be concluded that many drivers tend to follow the vehicles ahead closely on multilane highways. The regression models were significantly reliable based on their R-square values which are ranging between 0.80 and 0.95. From the analysis, cars were found to maintain larger headways when following heavy goods vehicles compare to when following other cars

Analysis of car following headway along multilane highway

This study describes driver’s car following headway on multilane highways. The aim of this study is to analyse the driver’s car following headway along multilane highway at four selected locations. The objectives of this study were to determine car headway at Jalan Batu Pahat – Ayer Hitam multilane highway and to develop linear regression models to present the relationships between headway and speed. Videotaping method was used in field data collection during peak hours. Data were extracted from recorded video by using the image processing technique software. The distance headways and associated vehicles speeds were classified into vehicle following category by vehicle type: car following car, car following heavy goods vehicle, heavy goods vehicle following heavy goods vehicle and heavy goods vehicle following car categories. Linear regressions models were used to develop the relationships between headway and speed. Based on all headway distribution, it is found that patterns of the vehicle headways at four study locations were similar, which shown a significant number of the vehicles travel at headways less than 5 seconds. Furthermore, it can be concluded that many drivers tend to follow the vehicles ahead closely on multilane highways. The regression models were significantly reliable based on their R-square values which are ranging between 0.80 and 0.95. From the analysis, cars were found to maintain larger headways when following heavy goods vehicles compare to when following other cars

Investigation of road crash rate at FT050, Jalan Batu Pahat – Kluang: pre and post road median divider

The number of fatal crashes along the Federal Road FT050 (Jalan Batu Pahat – Kluang – Ayer Hitam) involving students of Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) are still accelerating. Road quality upgrading such as lanes expansion, upgrading road surface and construction of road divider are carried out to improve road and traffic safety, since 2010. Unfortunately, the total number of crashes did not reduce but even showed a tendency to increase. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to analyses the crash trends, determine the rank of hazardous road section and identifying the impact of the road divider in an attempt to reduce road fatalities. This study is focused on the road along FT050, which start from the Kolej Vokasional Batu Pahat to the Kolej Jururawat Parit Raja (KM7 - KM21 or 14 km lengths) where the road divider was constructed. Crash data have been collected from Polis Diraja Malaysia such as crashes data before the road divider are constructed (2010 – 2012) and after the construction (2013 – 2014) and road geometry design data are collected from Jabatan Kerja Raya for road design assessments. The determination of Accident Point Weightage (APW) was performed by applying the APW method and Microsoft Excel, which was used for hazardous road ranking. The Accident Prediction Model developed based on multiple linear regression are used to relate the crashes rates and the road design parameters. The results show sufficient proof to support the road safety relate to the relationship between the vehicles crash numbers and road design and the number of crashes namely accident point weighting is described as the dependent variable. The following results found the existing number of major access points, at the following signalized and unsignalized intersections, number of traffic volumes/Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) and road geometry are the main potential contributors of increment crash rates on multiple lane rural roadways

Red-light running vehicles behaviour based on linear regression approach at traffic lights along Bakau Condong road, Batu Pahat, Johor

Red-light dilemma zone is widely known as an area on the high-speed intersection approach, where vehicles either safely stop before the stop line or proceed through the intersection during the red interval. Within such an area, a vehicle might be involved in a right angle crash or rear-end collision. The objective of this study is to develop a prediction model of red light running and determine red running distance and the dilemma zones. Data that have been collected by using a video camera and Traffic Data Collector (TDC) had been analyzed such as traffic flow, traffic speed that red-light running (RLR), the number of the vehicle that RLR and traffic light cycle time. The data was analyzed by using applications such as Microsoft Excel, Minitab and PETRAPro software. Based on the result of Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, it shows the parameters that involved in vehicles behaviours along the traffic lights has been proved by highly significant of the p-value that less or equal to 0.1 (p ≤ 0.1) with 90% confidence level. The parameters such as the traffic flow and average speed of RLR vehicles with the p-value of 0.051 and 0.034 respectively proved that all these parameters cause the increasing rate of RLR toward traffic light intersections. The values of R2 = 63.76 % and also show that the prediction model that was obtained is satisfied

Volumetric change calculation for a rock quarry using UAV photogrammetry

Nowadays, the volume calculation of rock quarry is incorrect and a slow process because it is manually conducted. To improve this performance, the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) Photogrammetry shall be applied to obtain exact area mapping, volume data of rock quarry for active, non-active area and 6 total stockpiles and to verify soil profile of quarry area. The area which conducts rock excavation is known as active area whereas a non-active will be explore in the following 2 years. Meanwhile, the total 6 stockpile is the 6 different quarry rocks. The UAV is a type of photogrammetry that allow for the effective monitoring or mapping of large areas of land and existing infrastructure within a very short time compared to conventional techniques. The best of UAV is it can take the whole image of quarry area. Given that the main idea of the research presented here is to develop new applications to calculate the volume of rock quarry area. In this study, there are three main stages that need to be accomplished to get the data. The first stage is flying the UAV and capturing image at the quarry, followed by image processing and transform it into a 3D map and final stage is to calculate the volume and the determining the soil profile and contour of the quarry. To classify the materials, a DJI Phantom 4 Pro was used to fly over a quarry area in Min Fong Quarry Sdn. Bhd. This image can be transfer to pix4DMapper and Global Mapper software to produce a mapping area of quarry. Then, the calculation of the volume of rock quarry was conducted and obtain the soil profile of that study area. This observation took 2 months periodically to oversee the volumetric change in the rock quarry. The result of analysis showed that, there were differences and decreasing in the volume of rock quarry for each month