1 research outputs found
The role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta in multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous
system (CNS) that leads to progressive neurological disability due to
axonal deterioration. Although MS presents profound heterogeneity in the
clinical course, its underlying central mechanism is active
demyelination and neurodegeneration associated with inflammation.
Multiple autoimmune and neuroinflammatory pathways are involved in the
demyelination pro-cess of MS. Analysis of MS lesions has shown that
inflammatory genes are upregulated. Glycogen synthase kinase3 (GSK-3) is
part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family and has
important roles in many signaling cascades. GSK-3 is a highly conserved
serine/threonine protein kinase expressed in both the central and the
peripheral nervous systems. GSK-3 modulates several biological processes
through phosphorylation of pro-tein kinases, including cell signaling,
neuronal growth, apoptosis and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines
and interleukins, allowing adaptive changes in events such as cellular
proliferation, migration, inflammation, and immunity. GSK-3 occurs in
mammals in two isoforms GSK-3 alpha and GSK-313, both of which are
common in the brain, although GSK-3 alpha is found particularly in the
cerebral cortex, cerebellum, striated hippocampus and Purkinje cells,
while GSK-313 is found in all brain regions. In patients with chronic
progressive MS, expression of GSK-313 is elevated in several brain
regions such as the corpus callosum and cerebral cortex. GSK-313
inhibition may play a role in glial cell activation, reducing
pathological pain induced by nerve injury by formalin injection.
According to the role of GSK-313 in pathological conditions, the aim of
this article is review of the role of GSK-313 in multiple sclerosis and
inflammation of neurons