BUSINESS ETHICS AND OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIAN LOCAL CONVENTIONAL BANKS

Purpose: This is a conceptual paper that discusses on the importance of business ethics and operational risk management in banks. Design/methodology/approach: The paper review the literatures of business ethics and operational risk management in banks. The paper analyze the factors that lead to operational risk particularly internal frauds, operational risk management, issues related to business ethics, Machiavellianism, the relationship between business ethics and operational risk management in banks, Machiavellianism as the moderator and agency theory and Machiavellianism Intelligence theory as the underpinning theories. Findings: A conceptual framework has been developed based on the literature review and the underpinning theories. Research limitations/implications: The paper only concentrated in the banking industry in managing operational risk that is related to internal fraud. There are other variables that are not taken into consideration such as the quality of banks human resources and the internal control system. Future research can be done on the antecedent and outcome of operational risk management with business ethics as the antecedent of operational risk management and internal fraud as the outcome of operational risk management. Besides, future research on business ethics and operational risk management can be done in other industry such as education, manufacturing or logistic industries. Practical implications: Banks could develop a robust operational risk management base on the dimensions of good business ethics. Machiavellianism variable as the moderator in the conceptual model will assists banks in identifying employees with high or low Machiavellianism personality traits. Originality/value: The proposed conceptual model helps banks to ensure the future risk of internal fraud occurrence can be eliminated. For future recruitment, banks might consider having personality test in identifying those applicants that might demonstrate high or low Machiavellianism when hired as bank employees

Mediating effect of entrepreneurial self efficacy between social networks, environmental dynamism, and entrepreneurial self-leadership and new venture success

The purpose of this study is to investigate the elements that reduce the entrepreneurial failure and endorse new venture success.In this study, entrepreneurial based social cognitive model has been used to investigate the reciprocal interactions of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial leadership, social network and environmental dynamism.A multiple regression analysis will be used to assess the relative influence of the independent variables in predicting the dependent variable of new venture success.Additionally, the study provide a guide line for the policy makers in developing policies to prevent SME failure in the country

Recursos de emprego e desempenho no trabalho entre médicos no setor de Saúde da Jordânia: o papel mediador da satisfação no trabalho

Purpose:  Individuals, groups, and organizations are all affected by job performance.  Many challenges face the organization such as job performance across the globe as well as in Jordan. The present study aims to investigate how job resources affect a hospital physician’s performance, as well as the role of job satisfaction in mediating these relationships. Theoretical framework: The key idea behind this research will be the focus on job demands-resources theory (JD-R). However, a lack of studies that explore the JDR, and job performance in the Jordan context. methodology: The information was gathered through a questionnaire of 346 physicians who work at Jordan's Ministry of Health. In this paper, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to assess and evaluate the offered hypotheses. Findings: The study found that five core elements of job resources (skill variety, task identity, performance feedback, autonomy, and job security) have a significant positive correlation with job satisfaction, while one core element (task significance) was insignificant. Furthermore, job resources were shown to have a significant indirect relationship with job performance, with job satisfaction acting as a mediator. Research, Practical & Social implications: The findings of this paper show that the JDR can accurately forecast physicians. The findings can be used as a foundation for future research in this field. The findings of the study will help the Jordanian government design policies to support and encourage physicians in the current work environment. Originality: This paper is a ground-breaking effort to see if job demands resources may be used as a theoretical framework to predict physician performance.Objetivo: Indivíduos, grupos e organizações são todos afetados pelo desempenho no trabalho. Muitos desafios enfrentam a organização, como o desempenho no trabalho em todo o mundo, bem como na Jordânia. O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar como os recursos do trabalho afetam o desempenho do médico hospitalar, bem como o papel da satisfação no trabalho na mediação dessas relações.   Referencial teórico: A ideia-chave por trás desta pesquisa será o foco nas demandas de trabalho - teoria dos recursos (JDR). No entanto, a falta de estudos que exploram o JDR e o desempenho no trabalho no contexto da Jordânia.   metodologia: As informações foram coletadas por meio de um questionário de 346 médicos que trabalham no Ministério da Saúde da Jordânia. Neste trabalho, foi utilizada a modelagem de equações estruturais (SEM) para avaliar e avaliar as hipóteses oferecidas.   Resultados: O estudo descobriu que cinco elementos centrais dos recursos do trabalho (variedade de habilidades, identidade da tarefa, feedback de desempenho, autonomia e segurança no trabalho) têm uma correlação positiva significativa com a satisfação no trabalho, enquanto um elemento central (significado da tarefa) foi insignificante. Além disso, os recursos do trabalho demonstraram ter uma relação indireta significativa com o desempenho no trabalho, com a satisfação no trabalho atuando como mediador.   Pesquisa, implicações práticas e sociais: Os resultados deste artigo mostram que o JDR pode prever com precisão os médicos. As descobertas podem ser usadas como base para pesquisas futuras neste campo. Os resultados do estudo ajudarão o governo Jordaniano a projetar políticas para apoiar e incentivar os médicos no ambiente de trabalho atual.   Originalidade/valor: Este artigo é um esforço inovador para ver se o trabalho exige recursos pode ser usado como um quadro teórico para prever o desempenho do médico

Internal Control System and Hazard Identification of Operational Risk in Malaysian Conventional Banking

maintain competitiveness in the market, has assumed the necessity of risk management as the main pillar of modern banking in the institutes of monetary intermediation. Banks relied almost exclusively upon internal control system within business lines, supplemented by the audit function, to manage operational risk. Operational Risk Management encompasses the mechanisms, tools, policies, procedures and processes, including management oversight, to identify, assess, monitor, report, and control operational risk. The first step in the operational risk management process is to identify the hazard that is associated with risk to which the bank is exposed. Consequently, this article examines the relationship between internal control system and the hazard identification of operational risk in Malaysian conventional banks. Survey questionnaires were emailed to branch managers and assistant managers of 650 local commercial bank branches across Malaysia and 132 fully completed survey questionnaires were received. Besides, data was analyzed using multiple regressions. Importantly, the study found that Malaysian conventional banks have a good internal control system and hazard identification with a mean of 4.71 and 4.37 respectively. Moreover, there were mixed findings between the relationship of internal control system and hazard identification. Notably, the implementation of risk assessment, top management information and communication, branch information and communication and top management monitoring were found to have a significant result in the documentation of hazard identification and control decision, while implementation of risk assessment has a significant relationship with practice of hazard identification. It can be seen that top management monitoring is an important factor that influence documentation of hazard identification of operational risk in Malaysian local conventional banks

Influence of Growth Need Strength on the Relationship between Overall Life Satisfaction and Job Satisfaction for Medical Service Quality and Delivery

This study is to determine the influence of Growth Need Strength [GNS] between overall life satisfaction and job satisfaction among SRN’s. Data were collected through survey using questionnaire. This study employed stratified random sampling involving a total of 390 nurses at selected general hospitals. The finding of the study contributes in the specific area of literature, theory and also in research design. The results of this study suggest that the GNS as moderator have played significant important role between overall life satisfaction and job satisfaction. It is also to improve medical service quality and delivery in order to provide a much better conducive working environment by incorporating policies that can improve job satisfaction

COVID-19 and Religious Tourism: an overview of impacts and implications

Tourism and its allied industries (airline and hospitality) have been hit hard by the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) globally. This paper specifically explores the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on religious tourism and aims to enhance the literature; it also aims to provide a path for future research work, in particular empirical research or future research that covers the effects of this pandemic on destinations. This paper is built on the fusion of news published by different news agencies to support an overview of related literature on religious tourism and tourism management. This paper confirms that COVID-19 has affected religious travellers worldwide. The rapid spread of the virus and international travel restrictions by many countries are important factors. To drive future tourism activities, new forms of tourism like smart tourism need to be introduced. These changes will force businesses to reevaluate service design and distribution channels. Industry professionals and policymakers should concentrate on tailoring travel plant to the experiences of tourists. The recommendations can help to relive outbreak-related tension, deliver newly elevated experiences to tourists, and partially mitigate the impact of COVID- 19 on the religious tourism industry. These recommendations can also apply to the global tourism industry more broadly. Tourism scholars and practitioners should give proper consideration to this tragedy and how it might inform industry and social practices. This and other public health crises provide sterling opportunities for the industry to observe its effects on the environment, climate, and travellers themselves in a holistic way. This paper probably represents a frontier review, analysing critically the likely effects of COVID-19 on religious tourism practices in the coming future. Along with this it also represents the effect of COVID-19 on other industries e.g. hotel and airline, which are the supporting hand of the tourism industry

Operational risk management and customer complaints: the role of product complexity as a moderator.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between operational risk management and customer complaints. It also determines whether product complexity moderates the relationship between the operational risk management and customer complaints. Design/methodology/approach – This study utilizes a quantitative method: quantitative data were collected using a questionnaire. The population of this study is 1,845 local conventional bank branches based in Malaysia.Findings – The findings revealed that components of operational risk management, namely practice of hazard identification and formulation of implementation of risk control, have negative and significant relationships with customer complaints. Empirical evidence confirmed the moderating effects of product complexity on the relationship between operational risk management and customer complaints. Originality/value – From the perspective of developing countries, the main contribution of this study is the elucidation of the effect of operational risk management on customer complaints in commercial banks in Malaysia. This study confirmed the usability of the resource-based view theory in the banking industry, as well as operational risk management as a bank resourc

Determinants of Online Purchase Intention Toward Life Insurance in Malaysia: Moderating Role of Trust

This article focuses on examining the impact of web skills, perceived usefulness, subjective norms, perceived web security, and perceived ease of use on online purchase intention. It was also designed to verify the moderating effect of trust among them. Required data was gathered from customers of insurance companies in Malaysia via an online questionnaire. SmartPLS was used to conduct statistical analyses and verify research hypotheses. The findings showed that subjective norms, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived web security are positively associated with online purchase intention. However, the effect of web skills on online purchase intention was not supported. In other words, customers tend to purchase an online life insurance if they believe the process will be easy, safe, and convenient for them. The results also showed that trust moderates the association among subjective norms and intent to buy life insurance online

"Smart Living": Telecentre as the Basis for A Sustainable Rural Economy in Malaysia

This research explains successful and economic sustainability model of information technology awareness in rural areas among Malaysian users. In general, we review the literature found three models in three countries (India, Brazil, and Taiwan). These countries are trying to develop a sustainable Smart Living project by establishing information system in rural areas among Malaysian users. This study explains and propose new successful sustainability and economic model in Malaysia to establish Information Technology (IT) in Malaysia. The main objective is to create a sustainable publishing Smart Living project in Malaysia. Moreover, there is scarcity of the research that consider the long term sustainability of technology projects. Finally, it aims to overcome the challenges and issues in different countries, and get benefit 6om their experiences in overcoming the problems and barriers that may face in applying sustainable and economic model of Smart Living project in Malaysia or other counties that currently did not used Smart Living project

Internal Control System and Perceived Operational Risk Management in Malaysian Conventional Banking Industry

Robust internal control system, is one of the most important criteria's in developing a solid operational risk management in banks. In fact, it is crucial for financial institutions to understand the risk they encountered and the importance of having effective procedures, systems and skills in place to manage risk, due to the competitiveness and challenging environment. Consequently, this article examines the relationship between internal control system and the perceived operational risk management in banks. Agency theory is used to examine the relationship. Additionally the survey questionnaires were emailed to branch managers and assistant managers of 650 local commercial bank branches across Malaysia and 132 fully completed survey questionnaires were received. Besides, data was analyzed using multiple regressions. Importantly, the study found that Malaysian conventional banks have a good internal control system and perceived operational risk management with a mean of 4.71 and 4.56 respectively. Moreover, there were mixed findings between the relationship of internal control system and perceived operational risk management. Notably, the implementation of risk assessment, top management information and communication, branch information and communication and top management monitoring were found to have a significant result in the documentation of hazard identification and control decision. It can be seen that top management monitoring is an important factor that influence perceived operational risk management in Malaysian local conventional banks