ソーシャルメディアからの人気情報を用いた商品の販売予測に関する研究

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学特任准教授 松尾 豊, 東京大学教授 和泉 潔, 東京大学准教授 茂木 源人, 東京大学准教授 武田 史子, 東京大学准教授 鳥海 不二夫, 東京大学講師 佐藤 一誠University of Tokyo(東京大学

Spontaneous Production of Interleukin-5 and Its Heterogeneous Effect on Eosinophils in an Adult T-Cell Leukemia Patient

ABSTRACTWe examined the functional heterogeneity of eosinophils from an adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) patient with eosinophilia. A 63-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of lymphadenopathy. The leukocyte count was 10 400 /mm3, with 36.0% eosinophils and 3.0% abnormal lymphocytes. The diagnosis of ATL was based on the presence in serum of anti- human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-1 antibody and on histologic demonstration of ATL cells. The mononuclear cells spontaneously produced eosinophil-related cytokines (granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, 5600pg/mL; interleukin (IL)-5, 375pg/mL). Peripheral eosinophils were fractionated into normodense eosinophils (NE) and hypodense eosinophils (HE) by a Percoll density gradient method, and these cells were compared in terms of several heterogeneous functions. The NE were more chemotactically attracted to IL-5 than the HE. More apoptotic cells appeared among the NE than among the HE and this difference was correlated with the positive rate of Fas antigen on eosinophils. Survival of the HE was longer than that of the NE. Survival of the HE was prolonged by IL-5 stimulation, but survival of the NE was not. These data suggest that functionally heterogeneous eosinophils were present in this ATL patient with eosinophilia and that IL-5 enhanced this heterogeneity. The response of eosinophils to IL-5 may have contributed to the patho- genesis of eosinophilia in this patient

Multi-Cellular Logistics of Collective Cell Migration

During development, the formation of biological networks (such as organs and neuronal networks) is controlled by multicellular transportation phenomena based on cell migration. In multi-cellular systems, cellular locomotion is restricted by physical interactions with other cells in a crowded space, similar to passengers pushing others out of their way on a packed train. The motion of individual cells is intrinsically stochastic and may be viewed as a type of random walk. However, this walk takes place in a noisy environment because the cell interacts with its randomly moving neighbors. Despite this randomness and complexity, development is highly orchestrated and precisely regulated, following genetic (and even epigenetic) blueprints. Although individual cell migration has long been studied, the manner in which stochasticity affects multi-cellular transportation within the precisely controlled process of development remains largely unknown. To explore the general principles underlying multicellular migration, we focus on the migration of neural crest cells, which migrate collectively and form streams. We introduce a mechanical model of multi-cellular migration. Simulations based on the model show that the migration mode depends on the relative strengths of the noise from migratory and non-migratory cells. Strong noise from migratory cells and weak noise from surrounding cells causes “collective migration,” whereas strong noise from non-migratory cells causes “dispersive migration.” Moreover, our theoretical analyses reveal that migratory cells attract each other over long distances, even without direct mechanical contacts. This effective interaction depends on the stochasticity of the migratory and non-migratory cells. On the basis of these findings, we propose that stochastic behavior at the single-cell level works effectively and precisely to achieve collective migration in multi-cellular systems

Case report: Echinococcus multilocularis infection in a dog showing gastrointestinal signs in Hokkaido, Japan

Echinococcus multilocularis is a cestode that causes human alveolar echinococcosis, a lethal zoonotic disease distributed in the northern hemisphere. The life cycle of this parasite is maintained in nature by voles as intermediate hosts and foxes as definitive hosts in Hokkaido, Japan. Although dogs are also susceptible to the parasite, the infection has been considered typically asymptomatic. We report the detection of E. multilocularis eggs in the diarrheal feces of a dog with chronic gastrointestinal signs, which disappeared after anthelmintic treatment. The mitochondrial genome sequence constructed by sequencing of the overlapping PCRs using DNA from the eggs was identical to the most predominant haplotype previously reported in red foxes in Hokkaido. This case highlights that Echinococcus infection should be considered as a differential diagnosis for diarrheal dogs in the disease endemic areas. Further efforts are needed to accumulate parasite genotypes in domestic dogs as well as humans to assess the risk of human infection from dogs

Aclarubicin in the treatment of elderly patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.

Thirteen previously untreated patients aged 70 and above with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia were treated with aclarubicin (ACR) alone. Among 10 cases (3, acute myelocytic leukemia; 4, acute myelomonocytic leukemia; 2, acute monocytic leukemia; and one, acute erythroleukemia) in which an evaluation was possible, 5 cases (3, acute myelomonocytic leukemia; and 2, acute monocytic leukemia) obtained complete remission (CR). The CR rate was 83% in 6 patients with acute myelomonocytic leukemia or acute monocytic leukemia. The median CR duration and survival was 7.5 and 10 + months, respectively. Although side effects of the drug on digestive system such as nausea, vomiting and anorexia were observed in all patients, they were controllable by conventional treatments. The results suggest that ACR is effective for the clinical management of elderly patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, especially those with acute myelomonocytic leukemia or acute monocytic leukemia.</p

Efficacy and safety of single-dose ivermectin in mild-to-moderate COVID-19: the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled CORVETTE-01 trial

BackgroundTo investigate whether ivermectin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 proliferation in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 using time to a negative COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test.MethodsCORVETTE-01 was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study (August 2020–October 2021) conducted in Japan. Overall, 248 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 using RT-PCR were assessed for eligibility. A single oral dose of ivermectin (200  μg/kg) or placebo was administered under fasting. The primary outcome was time to a negative COVID-19 RT-PCR test result for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, assessed using stratified log-rank test and Cox regression models.ResultsOverall, 112 and 109 patients were randomized to ivermectin and placebo, respectively; 106 patients from each group were included in the full analysis set (male [%], mean age: 68.9%, 47.9 years [ivermectin]; 62.3%, 47.5 years [placebo]). No significant difference was observed in the occurrence of negative RT-PCR tests between the groups (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–1.32; p = 0.785). Median (95% CI) time to a negative RT-PCR test was 14.0 (13.0–16.0) and 14.0 (12.0–16.0) days for ivermectin and placebo, respectively; 82.1% and 84% of patients achieved negative RT-PCR tests, respectively.ConclusionIn patients with COVID-19, single-dose ivermectin was ineffective in decreasing the time to a negative RT-PCR test.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04703205