Role of physical activity in resilience to psychological trauma, The

2013 Summer.Includes bibliographical references.Existing research indicates that exposure to psychological trauma can negatively impact individual mental health among a broad variety of domains. Additionally, although many victims are resilient to the psychological consequences of such trauma, those who do suffer from trauma-related pathology are often resistant to benefits associated with existing treatment. Because of its well-established associations with general mental health and positive impacts on many of the domains damaged by psychological trauma, exercise was examined as a possible moderator of the relationship between trauma exposure and adult mental health. Among a sample of 587 undergraduate college students, the results of multiple regression analysis indicated that psychological flourishing was moderated by the interaction between physical exercise and number of traumatic events, as well as by physical exercise and childhood maltreatment. In both models, the overall positive association between exercise and flourishing was gradually attenuated at higher levels of trauma. In the traumatic events model, greater trauma exposure predicted higher flourishing scores at low levels of exercise, but lower flourishing scores at high levels of exercise. In contrast, childhood maltreatment was consistently associated with lower flourishing scores, regardless of exercise participation. These results have a number of implications for future research and intervention, which are explored in the discussion section

Risk and resilience: the role of physical activity and related factors in adult psychological functioning after exposure to childhood maltreatment

Includes bibliographical references.2015 Summer.Across decades of research, exposure to severe childhood maltreatment has repeatedly been identified as one of the most potentially-damaging life events suffered by a considerable number of children worldwide. Yet while many of those exposed to such events experience chronic and debilitating symptoms of their early traumas, others actually demonstrate notable resilience to these experiences – often transitioning into adulthood with remarkably few scars to mark their early trials. As a result of this phenomenon, recent research has increasingly focused on identifying the traits facilitating such resilience amongst those who have it, as well as those factors contributing to increased risk amongst those who do not. In the present study, participant gender, engagement in physical activity, and the intensity of such activity were evaluated as potential factors influencing adult psychological functioning in college students exposed to childhood abuse and neglect. In particular, the focus of this investigation was on how these factors might interact in moderating the relationship between childhood maltreatment and later psychological health. Among a sample of 584 undergraduate college students, the results of these multiple regression analyses indicated that engagement in hard (e.g., aerobic) physical activity uniquely moderated the relationship between childhood abuse and psychological functioning among both male and female participants. Among women, increases in physical activity were associated with greater sensitivity to the negative influence of childhood abuse. In contrast, male participants actually demonstrated greater resilience to such abuse at higher levels of activity

Multiple Charge State Beam Acceleration at Atlas

A test of the acceleration of multiple charge-state uranium beams was performed at the ATLAS accelerator. A 238U+26 beam was accelerated in the ATLAS PII linac to 286 MeV (~1.2 MeV/u) and stripped in a carbon foil located 0.5 m from the entrance of the ATLAS Booster section. A 58Ni9+ 'guide' beam from the tandem injector was used to tune the Booster for 238U+38. All charge states from the stripping were injected into the booster and accelerated. Up to 94% of the beam was accelerated through the Booster linac, with losses mostly in the lower charge states. The measured beam properties of each charge state and a comparison to numerical simulations are reported in this paper.Comment: LINAC2000, MOD0

War and Remembrance: Walter Place and Ulysses S. Grant

In 1862-1863, General Ulysses S. Grant conducted military operations in the state of Mississippi, culminating in the siege and eventual surrender of the city of Vicksburg. During part of this time, Grant’s wife, Julia, took up residence at Walter Place in Holly Springs, Mississippi. In the years after the Civil War, Walter Place became known not just as an antebellum home, but also as a place with a strong connection to Grant and his family during the Civil War. When Mike and Jorja Lynn purchased the property, they began collecting Grant-related items for display in the home, including modern and historic decorative artifacts, cartes-de-visite, and ephemera. In 2013, Jorja Lynn donated this collection to the Ulysses S. Grant Presidential Library at Mississippi State University Libraries for display and preservation purposes. This article will address the historical background of the collection, the preservation and access plans in place, and the complexities of Civil War memory that create a more nuanced portrait of how the Civil War is represented in the South

A Variational Principle Based Study of KPP Minimal Front Speeds in Random Shears

Variational principle for Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piskunov (KPP) minimal front speeds provides an efficient tool for statistical speed analysis, as well as a fast and accurate method for speed computation. A variational principle based analysis is carried out on the ensemble of KPP speeds through spatially stationary random shear flows inside infinite channel domains. In the regime of small root mean square (rms) shear amplitude, the enhancement of the ensemble averaged KPP front speeds is proved to obey the quadratic law under certain shear moment conditions. Similarly, in the large rms amplitude regime, the enhancement follows the linear law. In particular, both laws hold for the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process in case of two dimensional channels. An asymptotic ensemble averaged speed formula is derived in the small rms regime and is explicit in case of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process of the shear. Variational principle based computation agrees with these analytical findings, and allows further study on the speed enhancement distributions as well as the dependence of enhancement on the shear covariance. Direct simulations in the small rms regime suggest quadratic speed enhancement law for non-KPP nonlinearities.Comment: 28 pages, 14 figures update: fixed typos, refined estimates in section

Multiple-Charge Beam Dynamics in an Ion Linac

There is demand for the construction of a medium-energy ion linear accelerator based on superconducting rf (SRF) technology. It must be capable of producing several hundred kilowatts of CW beams ranging from protons to uranium. A considerable amount of power is required in order to generate intense beams of rare isotopes for subsequent acceleration. At present, however, the beam power available for the heavier ions would be limited by ion source performance. To overcome this limit, we have studied the possibility of accelerating multiple-charge-state (multi-Q) beams through a linac. We show that such operation is made feasible by the large transverse and longitudinal acceptance which can be obtained in a linac using superconducting cavities. Multi-Q operation provides not only a substantial increase in beam current, but also enables the use of two strippers, thus reducing the size of linac required. Since the superconducting (SC) linac operates in CW mode, space charge effects are essentially eliminated except in the ECR/RFQ region. Therefore an effective emittance growth due to the multi-charge beam acceleration can be minimized

Isobaric multiplet yrast energies and isospin non-conserving forces

The isovector and isotensor energy differences between yrast states of isobaric multiplets in the lower half of the $pf$ region are quantitatively reproduced in a shell model context. The isospin non-conserving nuclear interactions are found to be at least as important as the Coulomb potential. Their isovector and isotensor channels are dominated by J=2 and J=0 pairing terms, respectively. The results are sensitive to the radii of the states, whose evolution along the yrast band can be accurately followed.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. Superseeds second part of nucl-th/010404

Isospin splitting of the nucleon mean field

The isospin splitting of the nucleon mean field is derived from the Brueckner theory extended to asymmetric nuclear matter. The Argonne V18 has been adopted as bare interaction in combination with a microscopic three body force. The isospin splitting of the effective mass is determined from the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock self-energy: It is linear acording to the Lane ansatz and such that $m^*_n > m^*_p$ for neutron-rich matter. The symmetry potential is also determined and a comparison is made with the predictions of the Dirac-Brueckner approach and the phenomenological interactions. The theoretical predictions are also compared with the empirical parametrizations of neutron and proton optical-model potentials based on the experimental nucleon-nucleus scattering and the phenomenological ones adopted in transport-model simulations of heavy-ion collisions. The direct contribution of the rearrangement term due to three-body forces to the single particle potential and symmetry potential is discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figure

Homogenization and enhancement for the G-equation

We consider the so-called G-equation, a level set Hamilton-Jacobi equation, used as a sharp interface model for flame propagation, perturbed by an oscillatory advection in a spatio-temporal periodic environment. Assuming that the advection has suitably small spatial divergence, we prove that, as the size of the oscillations diminishes, the solutions homogenize (average out) and converge to the solution of an effective anisotropic first-order (spatio-temporal homogeneous) level set equation. Moreover we obtain a rate of convergence and show that, under certain conditions, the averaging enhances the velocity of the underlying front. We also prove that, at scale one, the level sets of the solutions of the oscillatory problem converge, at long times, to the Wulff shape associated with the effective Hamiltonian. Finally we also consider advection depending on position at the integral scale