Non surgical periodontal treatment in patients with gingivitis and moderate periodontitis. Biochemical and microbiological response

AbstractObjectiveTo ascertain inflammatory response through interleukin 1β presence and identify pathogenic microorganisms as possible immunological and microbiological markers in diagnosis and treatment non-surgical periodontal in patients with gingivitis and moderate chronic periodontitis in a sample of Mexican population.Material and methodsIn the present prospective cohort study, 18 patients with signs of gingivitis and 17 patients with moderate chronic periodontitis were selected. Samples of subgingival biofilm and of crevicular gingival fluid were collected. Interleukin 1β was quantified during the pre-treatment, post-treatment and maintenance phases of the non- surgical periodontal treatment. Continuous variables were analyzed with the Student test, as well as categorical variables which were analyzed with the Turkey-Kramer test. For independent groups the Pearson test was used.ResultsMicrobiological response variables showed that Porphyromonas gingivalis Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans significantly decreased in subjects with gingivitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Actinomyces ssp. decreased in cases. Biochemical response variables showed significant decrease in IL-1β concentration and total count in individuals with moderate chronic periodontitis in treatment maintenance phase. The same result applied to clinical response variables.ConclusionsThere is a decrease in Interleukine 1β levels with decrease in microflora. Interleukin 1β are sensitive markers for diagnosis of periodontal disease and assessment of its severity

Evaluación preclínica de la actividad antiinflamatoria de un gel con aceite de árbol de té

Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of a semi-solid Tea Tree Oil (TTO) form at 2 % and 2,5% concentrations for treating periodontal disease. Method: A preclinical test in a sample of 30 mice with ear edema induced by croton oil was divided into two groups to compare treatment with Indomethacin and Diclofenac. Results: TTO at 2,5 % concentration showed a higher inhibition activity of inflammation (54,74 %) than TTO at 2 % (51,21 %). Statistical analysis showed no significative differences between treatment combinations (p>0,05). Conclusions: The tea tree oil in semi-solid form, applied in 2 - 2,5 % concentration in this preclinical study, showed consistent anti-inflammatory activity.Objetivo: Evaluar la actividad antiinflamatoria de una formulación semisólida que contiene Aceite de Árbol de Té (AAT), a dos concentraciones (2 % y 2,5 %), para futuro tratamiento de enfermedad periodontal. Método: Prueba preclínica de edema auricular por aceite de crotón, con una muestra de 30 ratones, para ser comparados con Indometacina y Diclofenaco. Resultados: La concentración al 2 % mostró un 51,21 % de inhibición de la actividad inflamatoria, mientras que para la concentración del 2,5 %, fue de 54,74 %. Las pruebas estadísticas para conocer la eficacia de los tratamientos demostraron que no existen diferencias significativas entre las combinaciones de tratamientos, indicando que todos tratamientos son similares (p>0,05). Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio demuestran que la forma semi solida de AAT, en los estudios preclínicos en la fase de ensayos in vivo con animales no humanos demostró poseer una actividad antiinflamatoria

De los acarreadores de oxígeno (HbCO) a los polimerosomas. Una mirada a las células artificiales

RESUMEN: Los sustitutos de sangre artificial poseen varias ventajas sobre las transfusiones donde participan donadores, por lo que se ha desarrollado sangre artificial tomando en consideración la función principal de la sangre, que es el transporte de oxígeno a los tejidos por medio de los eritrocitos. Se han sugerido dos estrategias para el desarrollo de acarreadores de oxígeno: el enfoque biomimético con Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOC por sus siglas en inglés) y el enfoque abiótico. El primer enfoque imita la naturaleza en la forma de transportar el oxígeno a los tejidos, mientras que el segundo utiliza productos químicos sintéticos para lograr el mismo resultado. Así, el origen de las células artificiales está relacionado con los acarreadores de oxígeno en la forma de polihemoglobinas y hemoglobinas conjugadas y aunque una célula completamente artificial equiparable al glóbulo rojo es todavía un sueño, el desarrollo de membranas lipídicas, poliméricas biodegradables y nanopartículas, son un paso hacia esa posibilidad

Influence of Age and Sex on the Pharmacokinetics of Midazolam and the Depth of Sedation in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Minor Surgeries

Whether age and sex influence the depth of sedation and the pharmacokinetics of midazolam is currently unknown. The influence of age and sex was investigated in 117 children (2 to 17 years) who required intravenous sedation for minor surgery (0.05 mg/kg). Plasma concentrations and sedation effects were simultaneously measured. The measured concentrations were analyzed using a two-compartment model with first-order elimination. Among the age ranges, significant differences were found (p < 0.05) between the volume of distribution (Vd) of the first compartment (V1) and that of the second (V2). With respect to sex, differences in V2 were found between age groups. At the administered dose, in patients younger than 6 years, a profound sedative effect (40–60 BIS) was observed for up to 120 min, while in older children, the effect lasted only half as long. The differences found in the Vd and bispectral index (BIS) in patients younger than 6 years compared to older patients may be due to immature CYP3A activity and body fat content; furthermore, the Vd varies with age due to changes in body composition and protein binding. Patients younger than 6 years require intravenous (IV) doses <0.05 mg/kg of midazolam for deep sedation. Dosage adjustments according to age group are suggested

Influence of Age and Sex on the Pharmacokinetics of Midazolam and the Depth of Sedation in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Minor Surgeries

Whether age and sex influence the depth of sedation and the pharmacokinetics of midazolam is currently unknown. The influence of age and sex was investigated in 117 children (2 to 17 years) who required intravenous sedation for minor surgery (0.05 mg/kg). Plasma concentrations and sedation effects were simultaneously measured. The measured concentrations were analyzed using a two-compartment model with first-order elimination. Among the age ranges, significant differences were found (p &lt; 0.05) between the volume of distribution (Vd) of the first compartment (V1) and that of the second (V2). With respect to sex, differences in V2 were found between age groups. At the administered dose, in patients younger than 6 years, a profound sedative effect (40&ndash;60 BIS) was observed for up to 120 min, while in older children, the effect lasted only half as long. The differences found in the Vd and bispectral index (BIS) in patients younger than 6 years compared to older patients may be due to immature CYP3A activity and body fat content; furthermore, the Vd varies with age due to changes in body composition and protein binding. Patients younger than 6 years require intravenous (IV) doses &lt;0.05 mg/kg of midazolam for deep sedation. Dosage adjustments according to age group are suggested

Sedation level with midazolam: A pediatric surgery approach

Midazolam (MDZ) is a short-acting benzodiazepine that is widely used to induce and maintain general anesthesia during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in pediatric patients due to its sedative properties. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review without a meta-analysis to identify scientific articles and clinical assays concerning MDZ-induced sedation for a pediatric surgery approach. One hundred and twenty-eight results were obtained. After critical reading, 37 articles were eliminated, yielding 91 publications. Additional items were identified, and the final review was performed with a total of 106 publications.In conclusion, to use MDZ accurately, individual patient characteristics, the base disease state, comorbidities, the treatment burden and other drugs with possible pharmacological interactions or adverse reactions must be considered to avoid direct alterations in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of MDZ to obtain the desired effects and avoid overdosing in the pediatric population