Appendix A. Representative chromatograms of plant secondary metabolite composition of Eucalytpus globulus and E. tenuiramis foliage.

Representative chromatograms of plant secondary metabolite composition of Eucalytpus globulus and E. tenuiramis foliage

Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis determines association of individual potato foliage volatiles with onion thrips preference, cultivar and plant age

<div><p>Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) causes sporadic but serious disease in Australian potato crops. TSWV is naturally spread to potato by thrips of which <i>Thrips tabaci</i> is the most important. Prior studies indicated possible non-preference of potato cultivars to <i>T</i>. <i>tabaci</i>. Select potato cultivars were assessed for non-preference to <i>T</i>. <i>tabaci</i> in paired and group choice trials. Cultivars ‘Bismark’, ‘Tasman’ and ‘King Edward’ were less preferred than ‘Atlantic’, ‘Russet Burbank’ and ‘Shepody’. Green leaf volatiles were sampled using solid-phase microextraction from the headspace of potato cultivars of two ages that differed in <i>T</i>. <i>tabaci</i> preference. Analysis of headspace volatile data using Receiver Operating Characteristic curves identified individual volatiles associated with <i>T</i>. <i>tabaci</i> preference and non-preference, young and old plants and individual cultivars. These data could be used to inform breeding programs for selection of <i>T</i>. <i>tabaci</i> resistance to assist with TSWV management, and biological testing of novel thrips management compounds.</p></div

Onion thrips preference in paired potato leaflet assays.

<p>In trial 1 (A) leaflets were available for thrips, the trial 2 (B) leaflet were screened from thrips by a white mesh presenting visual stimuli and leaflet contact. The X axis indicates time (min) from deposition of thrips within the apparatus, the Y axis is the log value of the odds ratio; a positive value indicates preference for ‘Bismark’ leaflet, a negative value indicate preference for alternate cultivar or treatment. Error bars indicate the 95% confidence limits. Where the confidence limits do not encompass Y = 0 then the preference is significant (P<0.05).</p

The mean proportion of 32 predominately terpene volatiles detected within the sampled head space of eight potato varieties at two plant ages.

<p>The mean proportion of 32 predominately terpene volatiles detected within the sampled head space of eight potato varieties at two plant ages.</p

Onion thrips preference in five potato cultivar preference tests.

<p>Data from two preference trials were combined for analysis. The X axis indicates the cultivar pairing under interrogation, the Y axis is the log value of the odds ratio, a positive value indicates preference for the first named cultivar, a negative value indicate preference for second named cultivar. Error bars indicate the 95% confidence limits. Where the confidence limits do not encompass Y = 0 then the preference is significant (P<0.05).</p

Schematic of experimental set-up for paired cultivars thrips preferences assays.

<p>Leaflets were detached from plants prior to use in apparatus. Adult onion thrips were deposited in the centre of the apparatus and thrips numbers colonising each cultivar leaflet assessed every 30 minutes for 3–4 hours after thrips introduction.</p

The adenlylate cyclase inhibitor, dideoxyadenosine attenuates K_v current.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Representative K_v current traces before (control) and after application of 50 μM 2’,5’-dideoxyadenosine (DDA). (<b>B</b>) Mean (± s.e.m.) I-V plots (normalized to control current at +60 mV) before (control) and after application of DDA. *<i>P</i><0.05; two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni’s <i>post hoc</i> test.</p

Activation of PKA does not increase K_v current.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Representative K_v current traces obtained before and after application of isoprenaline (1 μM) as indicated. (<b>B</b>) Mean (± s.e.m.) I-V plots (normalized to control current at +40 mV) before and after application of isoprenaline (1 μM; n = 8). (<b>C</b>) Representative K_v current traces as in panel A, but in the presence of IBMX (300 μM) before and after application of isoprenaline (1 μM). (<b>D</b>) Mean I-V plots (normalized to the control current in IBMX at +40 mV) before and after application of isoprenaline in the presence of IBMX (n = 5). (<b>E</b>) Representative K_v current traces before (control) and after application of dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP; 100 μM). (<b>F</b>) Mean (± s.e.m.) I-V plots (normalized to the control current at +40 mV) before and after application db-cAMP (100 μM; n = 4).</p

Inhibition of K_v current by KT 5720 is abolished by disruption of caveolae.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Representative K_v currents following 60 min pre-treatment with 2% methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) before and after application of 1 μM KT 5720. (<b>B</b>) Mean I-V plots (normalized to control current in the presence of MβCD at +60 mV), before and after application of 1 μM KT 5720 (n = 5). (<b>C</b>) Representative K_v currents in the presence of the caveolin scaffolding-domain peptide (CSDP, 100 μM) in the patch pipette, before and after application of KT 5720 (1 μM). (<b>D</b>) Mean I-V plots (normalized to the current at +60 mV in the presence of CSDP) before and after application of 1 μM KT 5720 (n = 5). (<b>E</b>) Representative K_v currents in the presence of a scrambled version of the caveolin scaffolding-domain peptide (CSDP-scr, 100 μM) in the patch pipette before and after application of KT 5720 (1 μM). (<b>F</b>) Mean I-V plots (normalized to the current at +60 mV in the presence of CSDP-scr) before and after application of 1 μM KT 5720 (n = 6, *<i>P</i><0.05; two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni’s <i>post hoc</i> test).</p

Schematic of experimental set-up for five cultivar thrips preferences assays.

<p>Leaflets remained attached to their parent plants. Adult onion thrips were deposited in the centre of the apparatus and thrips numbers colonising each cultivar leaflet assessed 180 minutes after thrips introduction.</p