Exploiting Human Memory B Cell Heterogeneity for Improved Vaccine Efficacy

The major goal in vaccination is establishment of long-term, prophylactic humoral memory to a pathogen. Two major components to long-lived humoral memory are plasma cells for the production of specific immunoglobulin and memory B cells that survey for their specific antigen in the periphery for later affinity maturation, proliferation, and differentiation. The study of human B cell memory has been aided by the discovery of a general marker for B cell memory, expression of CD27; however, new data suggests the existence of CD27− memory B cells as well. These recently described non-canonical memory populations have increasingly pointed to the heterogeneity of the memory compartment. The novel B memory subsets in humans appear to have unique origins, localization, and functions compared to what was considered to be a “classical” memory B cell. In this article, we review the known B cell memory subsets, the establishment of B cell memory in vaccination and infection, and how understanding these newly described subsets can inform vaccine design and disease treatment

Nipype: a flexible, lightweight and extensible neuroimaging data processing framework in Python. 0.13.1

0.13.1 (May 20, 2017) FIX: Make release compatible with conda-forge build process (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/2017) ENH: Update some minimum versions in compliance with Debian Jessie (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/2017) ENH: Circle builds use cached docker layers (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/2017) ENH: Base docker to use FS6 and ANTS 2.2.0 (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/2024) FIX: Mailmap and contributor acknowledgment (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/2017) FIX: Preserve node properties in sub nodes of MapNode (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/2019) FIX: Fix interfaces 3DUnifize, ICA_AROMA, BinaryMaths, RegAverage, BBRegister, AffineInitializer (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/2025, https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/2027, https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/2036, https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/2037, https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/2031, https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/2010) ENH: Add Anisotropic Power interface (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/2039) FIX: Bayesian estimation in SPM (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/2030) 0.13.0 (May 11, 2017) ENH: Multi-stage recon-all directives (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1991) FIX: FEAT "folder does not exist" error (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/2000) ENH: Niftyfit interfaces (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1910) FIX: Define ANTSPATH for BrainExtraction automatically (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1986) ENH: New trait for imaging files (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1949) ENH: Niftyseg interfaces (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1911) ENH: Niftyreg interfaces (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1913) MRG: Allow more support for CLI (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1908) ENH: 3dQwarpPlusMinus interface (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1974) FIX: PY3.6 support (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1977) FIX: PY3 and stream fixes for MRTrix2TrackVis (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1804) ENH: More mask options for CompCor interfaces (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1968 + https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1992) ENH: Additional TOPUP outputs (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1976) ENH: Additional Eddy flags (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1967) ENH: ReconAll handlers for less common cases (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1966) ENH: FreeSurferSource now finds graymid/midthickness surfs (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1972) ENH: Additional fslmaths dimensional reduction operations (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1956) ENH: More options for RobustFOV interface (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1923) ENH: Add MRIsCombine to FreeSurfer utils (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1948) FIX: Level1Design EV parameter substitution (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1953) FIX: Dcm2niix outputs can be uncompressed (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1951) FIX: Ensure build fails in Circle when tests fail (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1981) ENH: Add interface to antsAffineInitializer (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1980) ENH: AFNI motion parameter support for FrameWiseDisplacement (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1840) ENH: Add ANTs KellyKapowski interface (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1845) FIX: AFNI interface bug setting OMP_NUM_THREADS to 1 (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1728) FIX: Select Eddy run command at runtime (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1871) FIX: Increase FLIRT's flexibility with apply_xfm (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1875) DOC: Update FSL preprocess docstrings (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1881) ENH: Support GIFTI outputs in SampleToSurface (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1886) FIX: Configparser differences between PY2 and PY3 (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1890) ENH: Add mris_expand interface (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1893) FIX: Split over-eager globs in FreeSurferSource (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1894) FIX: Store undefined by default so that xor checks don't trip (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1903) FIX: Gantt chart generator PY3 compatibility (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1907) FIX: Add DOF and --fsl-dof options to BBRegister (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1917) ENH: Auto-derive input_names in Function (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1918) FIX: Minor fixes for NonSteadyStateDetector (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1926) DOC: Add duecredit references for AFNI and FSL (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1930) ENH: Added zenodo (https://zenodo.org/) file (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1924) ENH: Disable symlinks on CIFS filesystems (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1941) ENH: Sphinx extension to plot workflows (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1896) ENH: Added non-steady state detector for EPI data (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1839) ENH: Enable new BBRegister init options for FSv6+ (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1811) REF: Splits nipype.interfaces.utility into base, csv, and wrappers (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1828) FIX: Makespec now runs with nipype in current directory (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1813) FIX: Flexible nifti opening with mmap if Numpy < 1.12.0 (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1796 + https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1831) ENH: DVARS includes intensity normalization feature - turned on by default (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1827) FIX: DVARS is correctly using sum of squares instead of standard deviation (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1827) ENH: Refactoring of nipype.interfaces.utility (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1828) FIX: CircleCI were failing silently. Some fixes to tests (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1833) FIX: Issues in Docker image permissions, and docker documentation (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1825) ENH: Revised all Dockerfiles and automated deployment to Docker Hub from CircleCI (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1815) ENH: Update ReconAll interface for FreeSurfer v6.0.0 (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1790) FIX: Cast DVARS float outputs to avoid memmap error (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1777) FIX: FSL FNIRT intensity mapping files (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1799) ENH: Additional outputs generated by FSL EDDY (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1793) TST: Parallelize CircleCI build across 4 containers (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1769) 0.13.0-rc1 (January 4, 2017) FIX: Compatibility with traits 4.6 (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1770) FIX: Multiproc deadlock (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1756) TST: Replace nose and unittest with pytest (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1722, https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1751) FIX: Semaphore capture using MultiProc plugin (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1689) REF: Refactor AFNI interfaces (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1678, https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1680) ENH: Move nipype commands to group command using click (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1608) FIX: AFNI Retroicor interface fixes (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1669) FIX: Minor errors after migration to setuptools (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1671) ENH: Add AFNI 3dNote interface (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1637) ENH: Abandon distutils, only use setuptools (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1627) FIX: Minor bugfixes related to unicode literals (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1656) TST: Automatic retries in travis (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1659/files) ENH: Add signal extraction interface (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1647) ENH: Add a DVARS calculation interface (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1606) ENH: New interface to b0calc of FSL-POSSUM (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1399) ENH: Add CompCor (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1599) ENH: Add duecredit entries (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1466) FIX: Python 3 compatibility fixes (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1572) REF: Improved PEP8 compliance for fsl interfaces (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1597) REF: Improved PEP8 compliance for spm interfaces (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1593) TST: Replaced coveralls with codecov (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1609) ENH: More BrainSuite interfaces (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1554) ENH: Convenient load/save of interface inputs (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1591) ENH: Add a Framewise Displacement calculation interface (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1604) FIX: Use builtins open and unicode literals for py3 compatibility (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1572) TST: reduce the size of docker images & use tags for images (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1564) ENH: Implement missing inputs/outputs in FSL AvScale (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1563) FIX: Fix symlink test in copyfile (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1570, https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1586) ENH: Added support for custom job submission check in SLURM (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1582) ENH: Added ANTs interface CreateJacobianDeterminantImage; replaces deprecated JacobianDeterminant (https://github.com/nipy/nipype/pull/1654