Comparing high-resolution gridded precipitation data with satellite rainfall estimates of TRMM_3B42 over Iran

To evaluate satellite rainfall estimates of Tropical Rain Measurement Mission (TRMM) level 3 output (3B42) (TRMM_3B42) over Iran (20°–45° N, 40°–65° E), we compared these data with high-resolution gridded precipitation datasets (0.25°×0.25° latitude/longitude) based on rain gauges (Iran Synoptic gauges Version 0902 (IS0902)). Spatial distribution of mean annual and mean seasonal rainfall in both IS0902 and TRMM_3B42 from 1998 to 2006 shows two main rainfall patterns along the Caspian Sea and over the Zagros Mountains. Scatter plots of annual average rainfall from IS0902 versus TRMM_3B42 for each 0.25°×0.25° grid cell over the entire country (25°–40° N, 45°–60° E), along the Caspian Sea (35°–40° N, 48°–56° E), and over the Zagros Mountains (28°–37° N, 46°–55° E) were derived. For the entire country, the Caspian Sea region, and the Zagros Mountains, TRMM_3B42 underestimates mean annual precipitation by 0.17, 0.39, and 0.15 mm day^−1, respectively, and the mean annual rainfall spatial correlation coefficients are 0.77, 0.57, and 0.75, respectively. The mean annual precipitation temporal correlation coefficient for IS0902 and TRMM_3B42 is ~0.8 in the area along the Zagros Mountains, and ~0.6 in the Caspian Sea and desert regions

Pan-Arctic Sea Ice Prediction System with the MIROC Climate Model

第6回極域科学シンポジウム分野横断セッション：[IA] 急変する北極気候システム及びその全球的な影響の総合的解明―GRENE北極気候変動研究事業研究成果報告2015―11月19日（木）　国立極地研究所１階交流アトリウ

Observation of daytime changes in boundary layer on a clear and weak-wind summer day in western suburban of Tokyo

Temperature, relative humidity, and wind conditions were observed on a clear, hot, summer day on 6 August 2019, 07:30–15:30 local time (LT), near the surface and in the boundary layer at the Minami-Osawa Campus of Tokyo Metropolitan University in the western suburb of Tokyo, Japan. Vertical wind profiles were obtained by pilot-balloon observations (PBOs) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) observations. PBOs and surface wind observations revealed a southerly wind in the lower boundary layer from 11:00 LT, which became stronger during 12:30– 15:30 LT. Temperature plateaued at 11:00–13:00 LT near the surface, whereas a sharp peak was observed by the UAV in the surface boundary layer at 11:00 LT. Water-vapor mixing ratios were higher in the afternoon than in the morning, with heavy cloud cover after 14:30 LT. Comparison with PBO data indicated that wind-speed estimations based on UAV flight-attitude information are problematic