未来のポジティブ出来事に伴う感情予測が学習動機づけに及ぼす影響

The present study investigated how affective forecasting influenced motivation for learning by analyzing students’ predicted future positive affective states. Participants (N = 264) were asked to complete a learning motivation assessment. One week later, the learning motivation was assessed again under affective forecasting, test prediction and control conditions. In the affective forecasting condition, participants predicted how they would feel if they were to receive positive feedback on a next examination, while in the test prediction condition, participants were asked to predict their results and their associated thoughts. Moderate self-determined motivation (“Identity”) was influenced by affective forecasting and yielded higher motivational scores under the affective forecasting condition than either the test prediction condition or the control condition. On the other hand, “Internal”, “Social Approval” and “External” motivations were influenced neither by future prediction nor by affective forecasting. “Identity” motivation is more autonomous, self-determined and has a highly valued behavioral goal. The results indicated that people were more motivated to learn because the predicted positive affective reactions were appealing to them, in regard to their “Identity” motivation

Electronic Spectra of Hydrogen-Bonded Indazole in a Supersonic Free Jet

Fluorescence properties of indazole complexes with various protic molecules in supersonic jets are investigated. Indazole forms hydrogen-bonded complexes with acetic acid, formic acid, water and ethanol in jets and the 0-0 bands are shifted by 256, 243, 274 and 201 cm\u27 to the red of the 0-0 band of free indazole, respectively. The dispersed fluorescence spectra of these complexes are all similar indicating similar complex structures. Different from the cases of indazole-acid complexes in solution, no spectroscopic evidence was obtained in jets for excited state tautomerization or protonation. On the basis of the analysis of the fluorescence excitation and emission spectra, it is suggested that indazole-acid complexes in jets are bonded by a single hydrogen bond

Solvent Effect on the Excited State Dynamics of Indazole

The dynamics of the excited state of indazole in various protic solvents has been studied by fluorescence and phosphorescence measurements and picosecond spectroscopy. It is shown that the fluorescenct properties of indazole are remarkably dependent on the nature of the solvent. In a nonacidic solvent only fluorescence of 1H indazole is observed. In a carboxylic acid with pKa～4.5 such as acetic acid, 1H is converted into 2H indazole in the excited state by double proton transfer. The rate of conversion and its activation energy are determined. In an acid with a smaller pKa value indazole is protonated in the ground state and provides a broad Stokesshifted fluorescence spectrum. It is shown that a structural change takes place in the excited singlet state of the protonated species in the time period of 10～100 ps depending on the solvent. It is suggested that indazole is protonated in a benzoic acid host and the triplet states of both 1H and 2H indazoles are produced from the excited state of protonated indazole

Development of Disaster Education Digital Material for Elementary Schoolchild: Fostering an Attitude of Subjective Behavior toward Earthquakes

This study developed the disaster education digital material for elementary schoolchildren, and examined the teaching effectiveness of this material. Eighty-five schoolchildren attended the class using this material twice, and did homework with their parents. Before and after the class, they answered the questionnaire to measure their learning effect (attitude toward subjective behavior, motivation toward disaster prevention action in cooperation with parents: both 3 items) and their evaluation of the class (3 items)．The results generally indicated that their attitude of subjective behavior, and their motivation toward disaster prevention action was higher after the education, and their evaluation of class were high. These results generally showed the effectiveness of this material. In future studies, generalizability of these results should be examined.研究ノー