The Status Of Scientific Research Whaling In International Law

It is an honor to speak before you at this panel. The issue of whaling has been extensively debated in various international occasions for at least one quarter of the century

Role of Linking Mechanisms in Multitask Agency with Hidden Information ( Revised as CARF-F-209(2010) )

We investigate the adverse selection problem where a principal delegates multiple tasks to individuals. The individuals form a group as a single agent and share their private signals in order to maximize their average payoff. We characterize the virtually implementable social choice functions by using the linking mechanism proposed by Jackson and Sonnenschein (2005) that restricts the message spaces. The principal does not require any incentive wage schemes and can therefore avoid any information rent and welfare loss due to risk aversion. We show the resemblance between the functioning of this message space restriction and that of incentive wage schemes.

"Role of Linking Mechanisms in Multitask Agency with Hidden Information"

We investigate the adverse selection problem where a principal delegates multiple tasks to individuals. The individuals form a group as a single agent and share their private signals in order to maximize their average payoff. We characterize the virtually implementable social choice functions by using the linking mechanism proposed by Jackson and Sonnenschein (2005) that restricts the message spaces. The principal does not require any incentive wage schemes and can therefore avoid any information rent and welfare loss due to risk aversion. We show the resemblance between the functioning of this message space restriction and that of incentive wage schemes.

"Role of Linking Mechanisms in Multitask Agency with Hidden Information"

We investigate the adverse selection problem where a principal delegates multiple tasks to an agent. We characterize the virtually implementable social choice functions by using the linking mechanism proposed by Jackson and Sonnenschein (2007) that restricts the message spaces. The principal does not require any incentive wage schemes and can therefore avoid any information rent and welfare loss. We show the resemblance between the functioning of this message space restriction and that of incentive wage schemes. We also extend the results of the single-agent model to the multi-agent model.

Role of Linking Mechanisms in Multitask Agency with Hidden Information

We investigate the adverse selection problem where a principal delegates multiple tasks to an agent. We characterize the virtually implementable social choice functions by using the linking mechanism proposed by Jackson and Sonnenschein (2007) that restricts the message spaces. The principal does not require any incentive wage schemes and can therefore avoid any information rent and welfare loss. We show the resemblance between the functioning of this message space restriction and that of incentive wage schemes. We also extend the results of the single-agent model to the multi-agent model.

Fisheries Subsidy Negotiations at the WTO: An analysis from the perspective of environmental standards (Japanese)

In the Doha Development Agenda initiated in 2001, it was agreed to begin negotiations to clarify and improve the rules of the Word Trade Organization (WTO) on fisheries subsidies. Following the agreement, negotiations to prepare new rules for the subsidies are being conducted. This paper looks at the history and progress of the negotiations and considers the extent to which the WTO should take environmental concerns into account in preparing its rules. One of the characteristics of the fisheries subsidy negotiations is that they are progressing with a greater focus on non-trade concerns, such as the environment and resource protection, rather than on trade concerns. However, issues such as an excess catch and an over-capacity of fishing vessels are not areas in which the WTO has special expertise. In these fields, there are international organizations responsible for marine resources management, such as the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), but even these institutions are not given the authority to impose legally binding regulations relating to over-harvest and over-capacity. Consequently, if the negotiations continue as they are in the WTO, the WTO may end up with a situation where its resource protection standards are tougher than those set by the forum which has more expertise in that area (i.e. fishing resource management organizations in this case). As the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM Agreement) does not have a preamble, it is possible to add new targets of the subsidy regulations in later stages. If the rules on fisheries subsidies become a precedent, prohibition of subsidies with a focus on extreme environmental concerns, which are not addressed by the existing forum on the environment, could be more easily proposed at the WTO. Delegates of the Rules Negotiation need to recognize the risk that a new rule on fisheries subsidies, depending on its content, may set an extreme precedent for the future on the WTO and the environment.

A mass-energy-conserving discontinuous Galerkin scheme for the isotropic multispecies Rosenbluth--Fokker--Planck equation

Structure-preserving discretization of the Rosenbluth-Fokker-Planck equation is still an open question especially for unlike-particle collision. In this paper, a mass-energy-conserving isotropic Rosenbluth-Fokker-Planck scheme is introduced. The structure related to the energy conservation is skew-symmetry in mathematical sense, and the action-reaction law in physical sense. A thermal relaxation term is obtained by using integration-by-parts on a volume integral of the energy moment equation, so the discontinuous Galerkin method is selected to preserve the skew-symmetry. The discontinuous Galerkin method enables ones to introduce the nonlinear upwind flux without violating the conservation laws. Some experiments show that the conservative scheme maintains the mass-energy-conservation only with round-off errors, and analytic equilibria are reproduced only with truncation errors of its formal accuracy

Econometric Analysis of the Factors Contributing to the Fish Price increase in Coastal Turfs in Japan: the Case of the income Pooling Fishery for Coastal Shrimp Sakuraebi (Sergia Lucens)

While right-based managements have often been encouraged as effective management tools, few studies presented an empirical analysis on the effects of those systems. This paper focuses on a special form of Territorial Use Rights Fisheries called an income pooling system, and examines the effects of the system empirically. Income pooling system is a unique Japanese fishery management system where fishermen harvest fish cooperatively, and divide the total income based on a certain rule, in many cases equal distribution. The increase of fish price through control on landing amount and improvement of quality of fish is regarded as the main effect of the system in earlier studies, so we estimated the magnitude of the impact of two factors on the price of fish with econometric method. The results show that the two factors in fact have significant effects for the price changes. Also, the effect of the improvement of quality for the price is not negligible compared to that of control on landing amount. These results suggest that to improve the income of fishermen, the policy encouraging fishermen to improve the quality of fish is effective. This study can be regarded as one of the first attempts to use economic analysis to evaluate the economic performance of fishery management system

Coastal Marine Protected Areas in Japan and their Institutional Characteristics

A survey was conducted to create a comprehensive list of marine protected areas (MPAs) in Japan. There exist more than 1,000 fishery cooperatives in Japan, and many of them have established no-take zones for many years. Such zones are usually not reported to the government and, therefore, the complete picture of the MPAs in Japan has been largely unknown until now. Information on such local MPAs was collected through various sources, and a list of more than 1,000 MPAs was produced. Many of them take the style of self-imposed voluntary regulations. Nonetheless, it was suggested that free-riders of the conservation activities were uncommon. This is because agreements are usually made to maximize the benefit of the group of fishers and each member of the group monitors the compliance status of other members. The government has provided territorial use right for fishers, and this could have helped maintain such a selfgovernance framework