Development of a 4.2 V aqueous hybrid electrochemical capacitor based on MnO2 positive and protected Li negative electrodes

An aqueous hybrid electrochemical capacitor consisting of a capacitive manganese oxide (MnO2) positive electrode and a water-stable, protected Li negative electrode in near-neutral aqueous electrolyte (1.0 M Li2SO4, pH = 5.5) is demonstrated. Galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling tests were conducted with pouched cells, offering a cell voltage of 4.2 V with maximum specific energy of 753 W h kg(-1) based on the positive electrode. The combination of a pseudocapacitive MnO2 positive and a Li negative electrode offers high specific charge and cell voltage, resulting in an aqueous hybrid electrochemical capacitor having exceptionally high specific energy.ArticleJOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES. 241:572-577 (2013)journal articl

4 V class aqueous hybrid electrochemical capacitor with battery-like capacity

A new aqueous hybrid electrochemical capacitor consisting of a porous positive capacitive electrode and a water-stable multilayered Li negative electrode is demonstrated. The new cell design affords cell voltages close to 4 V in a mild aqueous electrolyte. Application of a pseudocapacitive positive electrode with high specific charge results in specific energy comparable to present rechargeable batteries.ArticleRSC ADVANCES. 2(32):12144-12147 (2012)journal articl

Destabilized Passivation Layer on Magnesium-Based Intermetallics as Potential Anode Active Materials for Magnesium Ion Batteries

Passivation of magnesium metal anode is one of the critical challenges for the development of magnesium batteries. Here we investigated the passivation process of an intermetallic anode: Mg3Bi2 synthesized by solid-state and thin film process. The Mg3Bi2 composite electrode shows excellent reversibility in magnesium bis(trifluoromethansulfonylamide) dissolved in acetonitrile, while Mg3Sb2, which has same crystal structure and similar chemical properties, is electrochemically inactive. We also fabricated the Mg3Bi2 thin film electrodes, which show reversibility with low overpotential not only in the acetonitrile solution but also glyme-based solutions. Surface layer corresponding to the decomposed TFSA anion is slightly suppressed in the case of the Mg3Bi2 thin film electrode, compared with Mg metal. Comparative study of hydrolysis process of the Mg3Bi2 and the Mg3Sb2 suggests that the both intermetallic anodes are not completely passivated. The bond valence sum mapping of the Mg3Bi2 indicates that the fast Mg2+ diffusion pathway between 2d tetrahedral sites is formed. The electrochemical properties of the Mg3Bi2 anode is mainly due to the less passivation surface with the fast Mg2+ diffusion pathways

ヒタイショウナ シュツリョク オ トモナウ リョウテ ドウサ ニオケル チカラ ノ ヒキコミ ゲンショウ

本研究では非対称な出力を伴う両手タッピングにおける力の引き込みを検討した。被験者は右利きの男子大学院生9名である。運動課題は両手交互動作と両手同時動作に分かれ,各両手動作は4つの力条件からなる。これらの力条件は左手2Nの時に右手1Nである2-1条件,左手4Nの時に右手2Nである4-2条件,左手1Nの時に右手2Nである1-2条件,および左手2Nの時に右手4Nである2-4条件からなる。タップ間間隔はいずれの条件でも500msである。その結果,左手に強い力が要求された時には,左手の出力が右手の出力よりも長い最高出力までの時間と圧持続時間を要したが,右手に強い力が要求された時にはそれらの時間の左右差がみられなかった。このことは,右利きの被験者にとって右手に強い力が要求された条件では容易に遂行できたが,左手に強い力が要求された条件ではかなり意識的に左手タップを強打したことを示している。そして,同時課題において,右手に強い力が要求された条件では左手の力の変動係数が右手のそれよりも大きかったが,左手に強い力が要求された条件では右手の力の変動係数が減少し,左手のそれに引き込まれ,その変動に左右差がなかった。このように,非利き手が活発に活動する時,利き手の変動が減少し,結果として非利き手の変動に利き手のそれが引き込まれた。An experiment was conducted to examine the entrainment of force in bimanual finger tapping sequences with asymmetrical forces. Participants were trained to produce bimanual finger tapping sequences. Finger tapping movements consisted of an intertap interval of 500ms and eight force conditions: two antiphase (alternating) asymmetrical force left high, two antiphase asymmetrical force right high, two inphase (simultaneous) asymmetrical force left high, and two inphase asymmetrical force right high conditions. Under the left or right high condition, while the peak force target in the unnamed hand was 1N or 2N, that in the designated hand was 2N or 4N. During practice, visual force feedback was provided for both hands performing the bimanual tapping sequences. After practice, the participants produced the learned tapping sequences in the absence of feedback. In those trials, although there was no left-right difference for the time-to-peak force and press duration in the right high conditions, the left hand took longer to reach them than the right hand in the left high conditions. These results of the left high conditions indicated stress caused by the production of greater force in the left hand, suggesting that there may be a hemispheric asymmetry in motor cortical activity during bilateral finger movements. Then, whereas the peak force variability of the left (nondominant) hand was larger than that of the right (dominant) hand under the inphase right high conditions, there was no left-right difference under the inphase left high conditions. This suggests that when the left hand was active, both hemispheres were activated, resulting in decreased force variability of the right hand, and bringing the two force variabilities closer together.国立情報学研究所『研究紀要公開支援事業』により電子化

Development of a 4.2 V aqueous hybrid electrochemical capacitor based on MnO2 positive and protected Li negative electrodes

An aqueous hybrid electrochemical capacitor consisting of a capacitive manganese oxide (MnO2) positive electrode and a water-stable, protected Li negative electrode in near-neutral aqueous electrolyte (1.0 M Li2SO4, pH = 5.5) is demonstrated. Galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling tests were conducted with pouched cells, offering a cell voltage of 4.2 V with maximum specific energy of 753 W h kg(-1) based on the positive electrode. The combination of a pseudocapacitive MnO2 positive and a Li negative electrode offers high specific charge and cell voltage, resulting in an aqueous hybrid electrochemical capacitor having exceptionally high specific energy.ArticleJOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES. 241:572-577 (2013)journal articl

Hormone-like (endocrine) Fgfs: their evolutionary history and roles in development, metabolism, and disease

Fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) are proteins with diverse functions in development, repair, and metabolism. The human Fgf gene family with 22 members can be classified into three groups, canonical, intracellular, and hormone-like Fgf genes. In contrast to canonical and intracellular Fgfs identified in invertebrates and vertebrates, hormone-like Fgfs, Fgf15/19, Fgf21, and Fgf23, are vertebrate-specific. The ancestral gene of hormone-like Fgfs was generated from the ancestral gene of canonical Fgfs by gene duplication early in vertebrate evolution. Later, Fgf15/19, Fgf21, and Fgf23 were generated from the ancestral gene by genome duplication events. Canonical Fgfs act as autocrine/paracrine factors in an Fgf receptor (Fgfr)-dependent manner. In contrast, hormone-like Fgfs act as endocrine factors in an Fgfr-dependent manner. Canonical Fgfs have a heparin-binding site necessary for the stable binding of Fgfrs and local signaling. In contrast, hormone-like Fgfs acquired endocrine functions by reducing their heparin-binding affinity during their evolution. Fgf15/19 and Fgf23 require βKlotho and αKlotho as cofactors, respectively. However, Fgf21 might physiologically require neither. Hormone-like Fgfs play roles in metabolism at postnatal stages, although they also play roles in development at embryonic stages. Fgf15/19 regulates bile acid metabolism in the liver. Fgf21 regulates lipid metabolism in the white adipose tissue. Fgf23 regulates serum phosphate and active vitamin D levels. Fgf23 signaling disorders caused by hereditary diseases or tumors result in metabolic disorders. In addition, serum Fgf19 or Fgf21 levels are significantly increased by metabolic disorders. Hormone-like Fgfs are newly emerging and quite unique in their evolution and function

リチウム二次電池用電極材料としてのリチウム挿入化合物の研究

本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである京都大学0048新制・論文博士博士(工学)乙第8064号論工博第2663号新制||工||898(附属図書館)UT51-93-B336(主査)教授 竹原 善一郎, 教授 曽我 直弘, 教授 小久見 善八学位規則第4条第2項該当Doctor of EngineeringKyoto UniversityDFA

Nondestructive determination of leaf chlorophyll content in two flowering cherries using reflectance and absorptance spectra

Leaf chlorophyll quantification is a key technique in tree vigor assessment. Although many studies have been conducted on nondestructive and in-field spectroscopic determination, it is reasonable to develop species-specific chlorophyll indices for accurate determination, because leaf spectra can vary independently of chlorophyll content due to leaf surface and structural differences among species. The present study aimed to develop optimal reflectance and absorptance indices for estimating the leaf chlorophyll content of Cerasus jamasakura (Siebold ex Koidz.) H. Ohba var. jamasakura and Cerasus × yedoensis ‘Somei-yoshino, ’ and to examine their performance by comparing them with 46 published chlorophyll indices and SPAD. For 96 and 100 leaf samples, measurements were taken using a spectroradiometer with a leaf-clip attachment and a SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter, and chlorophyll content was determined by extraction with N, N′-dimethylformamide. The optimal leaf chlorophyll indices were then developed systematically by testing eight types of indices. As a result, we confirmed that the optimal chlorophyll indices performed better than any of the published leaf chlorophyll indices or SPAD, giving RMSEs that were approximately twice as good as those for SPAD, and found that the newly proposed index type—a difference and ratio combination type—may be a useful form of chlorophyll content estimation. We also found that absorptance indices achieved equivalent results to reflectance indices despite the hypothesis that absorptance measurement is direct and has more potential. Among the published indices, the reflectance ratio index of Datt [Datt B (1999) Int J Remote Sens 20(14):2741–2759] and the red edge chlorophyll index of Ciganda et al. [Ciganda V, Gitelson A, Schepers J (2009) J Plant Physiol 166:157–167] were effective at estimating the leaf chlorophyll contents of both flowering cherries