側頭筋を貫通する顎動脈の一例

We found a case of the right maxillary artery piercing the temporal muscle in a 71-year-old Japanese male cadaver during an anatomical dissection carried out at Iwate Medical University in 2005. The main route of the maxillary artery in this case was running near the infratemporal ridge which was the extreme inferior origin of the temporal muscle. The origin of the pierced muscle bundle by this artery was from the infratemporal ridge to the infratemporal fossa. At the mastication, the route of the maxillary artery piercing the temporal muscle was thought productive of a disturbance in the bloodstream. We alerted the surgeon about the route in this case when the operation area reached the pterygopalatine fossa

A case of the paired inferior venae cavae

解剖実習遺体に重複下大静脈の1例を見い出した。この例は左右の上主静脈の残存に起因するものと考えられ,McClureとButler(1925),及びChuangら(1974)の分類法のBC型に分類される。重複下大静脈はさほど稀な変異ではなく,臨床家は注意をはらう必要がある。下大静脈の重複は,右精巣または卵巣静脈の流入部位が下大静脈から右腎静脈に移行するなどの,静脈系の他の変化を誘因するかもしれない。また,この変異は精巣または卵巣静脈の重複を引き起こすことを示唆する。We encountered a case of duplication of the inferior vena cava in a cadaver. This was thought to be caused by persistence of the right and the left supracardinal veins, and this case was classified as type BC in the classification systems developed by McClure and Butler (1925) and Chuang et al. (1974). Double inferior vena cava is not a rare anomaly, and clinicians should be aware of this anomaly. Duplication of the inferior vena cava may cause other changes in the venous system, such as dislocation of the drainage position of the right gonadal vein from the inferior vena cava to the right renal vein. We also suggest that this anomaly causes duplication of the gonadal vein

Two cases of bifid ribs observed in the fourth and the fifth rib

岩手医科大学歯学部の解剖学実習において2例の二分肋骨に遭遇した。1例は第4肋骨に,他の1例は第5肋骨に存在していた。1例では肋骨の分岐と再癒合が骨部でおこっていたが,他の1例では,分岐と再癒合が軟骨部でおこっていた。分枝の間は正常と思われる肋間筋で充たされていた。どちらの例においても,内胸動脈からの小枝が二分肋骨の上方の分枝と肋間筋に分布していたが,肋間神経は上方の分枝には分布せず,下方の分枝の下縁にのみ沿って走行していた。Two cases of bifid rib were found in two cadavers during routine dissections at Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry. They were found in the fourth rib in one cadaver, and in the fifth rib in the other cadaver. In one case both the branching and the reunion of the rib occurred in the osseous part, and in the other case they occurred in the cartilage part. The space between the two branches was filled with presumably normal intercostal muscles. The blood supply had been maintained by small branches from the internal thoracic artery to the upper branch and the intercostal muscles. However, the intercostal nerves did not branch toward the upper branch but only ran along the lower margin of the lower branch of the bifid rib in both cases

Learning Environmental Improvement beyond Information Security for Students with Hearing Impairment

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Validity of a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire for Collegiate Athletes

Background: Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) have been developed and validated for various populations. To our knowledge, however, no FFQ has been validated for young athletes. Here, we investigated whether an FFQ that was developed and validated to estimate dietary intake in middle-aged persons was also valid for estimating that in young athletes. Methods: We applied an FFQ that had been developed for the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Cohort Study with modification to the duration of recollection. A total of 156 participants (92 males) completed the FFQ and a 3-day non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recall (24hDR). Validity of the mean estimates was evaluated by calculating the percentage differences between the 24hDR and FFQ. Ranking estimation was validated using Spearman’s correlation coefficient (CC), and the degree of miscategorization was determined by joint classification. Results: The FFQ underestimated energy intake by approximately 10% for both males and females. For 35 nutrients, the median (range) deattenuated CC was 0.30 (0.10 to 0.57) for males and 0.32 (−0.08 to 0.62) for females. For 19 food groups, the median (range) deattenuated CC was 0.32 (0.17 to 0.72) for males and 0.34 (−0.11 to 0.58) for females. For both nutrient and food group intakes, cross-classification analysis indicated extreme miscategorization rates of 3% to 5%. Conclusions: An FFQ developed and validated for middle-aged persons had comparable validity among young athletes. This FFQ might be useful for assessing habitual dietary intake in collegiate athletes, especially for calcium, vitamin C, vegetables, fruits, and milk and dairy products

Primary amelanotic malignant melanoma of the esophagus: a case report

Abstract Background Primary amelanotic malignant melanoma of esophagus, which is a subtype of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus (PMME), is a very rare disease with a poor prognosis. We herein report a case of the amelanotic type of PMME. Case presentation An 86-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with symptoms of dysphagia. An endoscopic examination and constructed radiography revealed an elevated and semipedunculated lesion with an ulcer in the lower thoracic esophagus accompanied by another submucosal lesion of the esophagus. She was diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by a preoperative endoscopic biopsy. We performed thoracoscopy- and laparoscopy-assisted subtotal esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy. Based on the surgical specimens, although there were no melanocytes, we made a diagnosis of a malignant melanoma immunohistochemically; the tumor cells were positive for S-100 protein and HMB45 focally and partially for Melan-A. Conclusion We experienced a case of primary amelanotic malignant melanoma, and the patient has remained disease-free for 1 year since the surgery. Since the diagnosis of amelanotic type of PMME is difficult, it should be made by the combination of a morphological examination, pathological examination, and immunohistochemistry