The control group did not exhibit peripheral clock phase-shift.

<p>(A) Waveform of PER2::LUC expression in various tissues. (B) Correlation maps of PER2::LUC rhythms between cosinor amplitude and index of goodness of fit. The dashed line indicates 40% of cosinor amplitude and 0.1 of goodness of fit. (C) Average of PER2::LUC expression in peak phases for each organ in each group. Numbers next to plots indicate the rates of mice whose PER2::LUC expression was rhythmic (rhythmic mice numbers/total mice numbers). (D) Average cosinor amplitude for each organ in each group. All of the values are expressed as mean ± or + SEM except (B). # p<0.05 versus intact by Mann-Whitney test.</p

Gene expression, after subjecting mice to temperature pulses in a water bath for 2 h.

<p>Mice were exposed to 41°C or 37°C water bath, or a cylindrical sieve as temperature treatment control. The data of control group were set to 1. *<i>p</i><0.05 versus control; #<i>p</i><0.05 versus 37°C group, by Dunn test, respectively. n = 4 for each group except 41°C group (n = 3) of <i>Per2</i> in the liver. All values are expressed as mean + SEM.</p

Exposing mice to 41°C or 37°C water bath stimulated phase-advance.

<p>(A) Correlation maps of PER2::LUC rhythms between cosinor amplitude and index of goodness of fit. The dashed line indicates 40% of cosinor amplitude and 0.1 of goodness of fit. (B) Average PER2::LUC peak phases of each organ for each group. Numbers next to plots indicate the rates of mice whose PER2::LUC expression was rhythmic. #<i>p</i><0.05, ##<i>p</i><0.01 versus control by Tukey test. **p<0.01 versus control by Dunn test (C) Average cosinor amplitude of each organ for each group. Graphs using data from mice whose PER2::LUC expression was rhythmic. All values are expressed as mean ± or + SEM except (A).</p

Exposing mice to 41°C water bath advanced the phase in a time-dependent manner.

<p>(A) Correlation maps of PER2::LUC rhythms between cosinor amplitude and index of goodness of fit. The dashed line indicates 40% of cosinor amplitude and 0.1 of goodness of fit. (B) Average of PER2::LUC expression peak phases for each organ in each group. Numbers next to plots indicate the rates of mice whose PER2::LUC expression was rhythmic. #p<0.05, ##p<0.01, ###p<0.001 vs. control by Dunn test. Statistical analysis was not applied for the liver in figure B because of N = 1 in the 0.5 h group. (C) Average cosinor amplitude for each organ in each group. Graphs using data from mice whose PER2::LUC expression was rhythmic. (D) Average core body temperature for each group during day 1, n = 8 for 37°C and n = 16 for 41°C, control, and intact groups. All values are expressed as mean ± or + SEM except (A) and (D).</p

Dexamethasone injection did not shift phase of the peripheral clock.

<p>Dexamethasone (dex) was injected to mice at ZT 5 once a day for two continuous days. (A) Average PER2::LUC peak phases of each organ for each group. Numbers next to plots indicate the rates of mice whose PER2::LUC expression was rhythmic. (B) Averaged cosinor amplitude of each organ for each group. Graphs using data from mice whose PER2::LUC expression was rhythmic. All values are expressed as mean ± or + SEM.</p