Angiotensin II receptor blockers decreased blood glucose levels: a longitudinal survey using data from electronic medical records-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Angiotensin II receptor blockers decreased blood glucose levels: a longitudinal survey using data from electronic medical records"</p><p>http://www.cardiab.com/content/6/1/26</p><p>Cardiovascular Diabetology 2007;6():26-26.</p><p>Published online 29 Sep 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2098751.</p><p></p>nt. Detailed criteria for exclusion are described in the Methods

Angiotensin II receptor blockers decreased blood glucose levels: a longitudinal survey using data from electronic medical records-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Angiotensin II receptor blockers decreased blood glucose levels: a longitudinal survey using data from electronic medical records"</p><p>http://www.cardiab.com/content/6/1/26</p><p>Cardiovascular Diabetology 2007;6():26-26.</p><p>Published online 29 Sep 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2098751.</p><p></p>nt. Detailed criteria for exclusion are described in the Methods

Zero-Magnetic-Field Splitting in the Excited Triplet States of Octahedral Hexanuclear Molybdenum(II) Clusters: [{Mo₆X₈}(<i>n</i>‑C₃F₇COO)₆]^2– (X = Cl, Br, or I)

Temperature (<i>T</i>)-dependent emission from [{Mo₆X₈}­(<i>n</i>-C₃F₇COO)₆]^2– (X = Cl (<b>1</b>), Br (<b>2</b>), and I (<b>3</b>)) in optically transparent polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate matrices were studied in 3 K < <i>T</i> < 300 K to elucidate the spectroscopic and photophysical properties of the clusters, in special reference to zero-magnetic-field splitting (zfs) in the lowest-energy excited triplet states (T₁) of the clusters. The cluster complexes <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> showed the <i>T</i>-dependent emission characteristics similar to those of [{Mo₆Cl₈}­Cl₆]^2–, while <b>3</b> exhibited emission properties different completely from those of <b>1</b> and <b>2</b>. Such <i>T</i>-dependent emission characteristics of <b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, and <b>3</b> were explained successfully by the excited triplet state spin-sublevel (Φ_<i>n</i>, <i>n</i> = 1–4) model. The zfs energies between the lowest-energy (Φ₁) and highest-energy (Φ₄) spin sublevels, Δ<i>E</i>₁₄, resulted by the first-order spin–orbit coupling, were evaluated to be 650, 720, and 1000 cm^–1 for <b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, and <b>3</b>, respectively. The emission spectra of <b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, and <b>3</b> in CH₃CN at 298 K were reproduced very well by the Δ<i>E</i>₁₄ values and the population percentages of Φ_<i>n</i> at 300 K. We also report that the Δ<i>E</i>₁₄ values of the clusters correlate linearly with the fourth power of the atomic number (<i>Z</i>) of X: Δ<i>E</i>₁₄ ∝ {<i>Z</i>(X)}⁴

Quasi-One-Step Six-Electron Electrochemical Reduction of an Octahedral Hexanuclear Molybdenum(II) Cluster

We report for the first time quasi-one-step six-electron electrochemical reduction of a new hexanuclear molybdenum­(II) bromide cluster having terminal 3,5-dinitrobenzoate ligands: [Mo₆Br₈(DNBA)₆]^2–. The electrochemical responses of the cluster were studied based on cyclic (CV), differential pulse, and normal pulse voltammetries, together with the analytical simulations of the CV and spectroelectrochemistry. CV simulations have revealed that the electrochemical reaction of the cluster proceeds in an EEEEEE scheme, and the potential differences between the two adjacent reduction steps are in the range of 15–30 mV. These potential differences indicate quite smooth and quasi-one-step six-electron reduction of the cluster

Photophysical and Photoredox Characteristics of a Novel Tricarbonyl Rhenium(I) Complex Having an Arylborane-Appended Aromatic Diimine Ligand

We report the synthesis and photophysical/photoredox characteristics of a novel tricarbonyl rhenium­(I) complex having a (dimesityl)­boryldurylethynyl (DBDE) group at the 4-position of a 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligand, [Re­(CO)₃(4-DBDE-phen)­Br] (<b>ReB</b>). <b>ReB</b> in tetrahydrofuran at 298 K showed the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) emission at around 681 nm with the lifetime (τ^em) of 900 ns. The relatively long emission lifetime of <b>ReB</b> compared with that of [Re­(CO)₃(phen)­Br] (<b>RePhen</b>, τ^em = 390 ns) was discussed on the basis of the temperature dependent τ^em and Franck–Condon analysis of the emission spectra of the two complexes. Emission quenching studies of both <b>ReB</b> and <b>RePhen</b> by a series of electron donors revealed that the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) quenching rate constant of <b>ReB</b> was faster than that of <b>RePhen</b> at a given Gibbs free energy change of the PET reaction (Δ<i>G</i>_ET⁰ > −0.5 eV). All of the results on <b>ReB</b> were discussed in terms of the contribution of the CT interaction between the π-orbital(s) of the aryl group(s) and the vacant p-orbital on the boron atom in DBDE to the MLCT state of the complex

Directional Energy Transfer in Mixed-Metallic Copper(I)–Silver(I) Coordination Polymers with Strong Luminescence

Strongly luminescent mixed-metallic copper­(I)–silver­(I) coordination polymers with various Cu/Ag ratio were prepared by utilizing the isomorphous relationship of the luminescent parent homometallic coordination polymers (Φ_em = 0.65 and 0.72 for the solid Cu and Ag polymers, respectively, at room temperature). The mixed-metallic polymer with the mole fraction of copper even as low as 0.005 exhibits a strong emission (Φ_em = 0.75) from only the copper sites as the result of the efficient energy migration from the silver to the copper sites. The migration rates between the two sites were evaluated from the dependence of emission decays upon the mole fraction of copper

Emission Tuning of Heteroleptic Arylborane–Ruthenium(II) Complexes by Ancillary Ligands: Observation of Strickler–Berg-Type Relation

Novel heteroleptic arylborane–ruthenium­(II) complexes having a series of ancillary ligands L′ ([Ru­(B₂bpy)­L′₂]²⁺) in CH₃CN showed low-energy/intense metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT)-type absorption and intense/long-lived emission compared to the reference complexes. The spectroscopic and photophysical properties of [Ru­(B₂bpy)­L′₂]²⁺ were shown to be manipulated synthetically by the electron-donating ability of the ancillary ligand(s). The intense and long-lived emission observed for [Ru­(B₂bpy)­L′₂]²⁺ in CH₃CN at 298 K is responsible for the accelerated radiative and decelerated nonradiative decay processes, which are controllable through the electronic structures of the ancillary ligand(s). On the basis of the present systematic study, furthermore, we succeeded in demonstrating the Strickler–Berg-type relation between the molar absorption coefficients of the MLCT bands and the radiative rate constants of the complexes

Highly Sensitive Detection of Organic Molecules on the Basis of a Poly(<i>N</i>‑isopropylacrylamide) Microassembly Formed by Plasmonic Optical Trapping

We demonstrate that a poly­(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microassembly, formed by plasmonic optical trapping, can provide the platform for a highly sensitive detection technique for fluorescent and nonfluorescent organic molecules dissolved in aqueous solution. PNIPAM microassemblies can be easily formed by a combination with a photothermal effect and an enhanced optical force. These physical phenomena were obtained through resonant excitation of localized surface plasmon (LSP). Sparsely distributed fluorescent or nonfluorescent molecules dissolved in solution can be extracted into the PNIPAM assembly, resulting in an increase in fluorescence or Raman signals. In particular, we successfully detected quite small amounts of analytes (rhodamine B) at the 10^–9 mol/L level. Using LSP is an alternative approach in analytical chemistry and can be used in addition to surface enhanced Raman scattering and surface enhanced fluorescence

Optical Trapping of Quantum Dots Based on Gap-Mode-Excitation of Localized Surface Plasmon

One of the recent hot topics in the fields of plasmonics and related nanophotonics is optical trapping of nano/microparticles based on surface plasmon. Experimental demonstration of such trapping by gap-mode plasmon has hitherto been limited so far to a few reports in which submicrometer polymer beads were trapped with intense irradiation at MW/cm², satisfying an energetic condition of <i>U > kT</i>. (<i>U</i> is the potential energy of the trap and <i>kT</i> is an averaged thermal background energy.) We demonstrate plasmon-based optical trapping of a luminescent quantum dot (Q dot, diameter ≥10 nm) with a very weak irradiation (0.5−10 kW/cm²). The most important discovery is that the Q dot trapping was clearly observed through luminescence detection even under an energetic condition of <i>U < kT</i>, on the basis of which we propose a novel concept that is peculiar to plasmon-based trapping at a nanogap

Simultaneous Formation and Spatial Patterning of ZnO on ITO Surfaces by Local Laser-Induced Generation of Microbubbles in Aqueous Solutions of [Zn(NH₃)₄]²⁺

We demonstrate the simultaneous formation and spatial patterning of ZnO nanocrystals on an indium–tin oxide (ITO) surface upon local heating using a laser (1064 nm) and subsequent formation of microbubbles. Laser irradiation of an ITO surface in aqueous [Zn­(NH₃)₄]²⁺ solution (1.0 × 10^–2 M at pH 12.0) under an optical microscope produced ZnO nanocrystals, the presence of which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman microspectroscopy. Scanning the focused laser beam over the ITO surface generated a spatial ZnO pattern (height: ∼60 nm, width: ∼1 μm) in the absence of a template or mask. The Marangoni convection generated in the vicinity of the microbubbles resulted in a rapid concentration/accumulation of [Zn­(NH₃)₄]²⁺ around the microbubbles, which led to the formation of ZnO at the solid–bubble–solution three-phase contact line around the bubbles and thus afforded ZnO nanocrystals on the ITO surface upon local heating with a laser