31 research outputs found
#HIV: Alignment of HIV-Related Visual Content on Instagram with Public Health Priorities in the US.
Automated image analysis of instagram posts: Implications for risk perception and communication in public health using a case study of #HIV.
Characterizing Self-Reports of Self-Identified Patient Experiences with Methadone Maintenance Treatment on an Online Community during COVID-19.
Responses to addiction help-seeking from Alexa, Siri, Google Assistant, Cortana, and Bixby intelligent virtual assistants.
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Harnessing digital data and data science to achieve 90-90-90 goals to end the HIV epidemic.
Purpose of reviewEffective public health interventions depend on timely, accurate surveillance. Harnessing digital data (including internet searches, social media, and online media) and data science is an emerging approach to complement traditional surveillance in public health but has been underutilized in HIV prevention and treatment.Recent findingsWe highlight recent examples that illustrate how social media data can be applied to HIV surveillance and prevention interventions.SummaryTo achieve 90-90-90 goals to end the HIV epidemic, we encourage traditional public health researchers to partner with data scientists to supplement HIV surveillance programs with social media analytics to refine estimates of HIV infections and key populations at risk and to identify subgroups and regions where prevention and treatment efforts need to be bolstered. We also encourage interdisciplinary teams to design interventions to promote HIV prevention and linkage to care by leveraging digital media, such as search engines and social media, that have the potential to reach millions of people instantaneously
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Public interest in โ8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-8-THC) increased in US states that restricted โ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC) use
BackgroundThere is an expanding unregulated market for a psychotropic compound called โ8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-8-THC) that is being derived from hemp, but there are no empirical estimates of public interest in this compound.MethodsTo measure public interest, we obtained yearly Google query fractions (QFs) that mentioned delta-8-THC (i.e., "delta 8," "delta-8," or "ฮ8") for the past decade (from January 2011 through August 2021) for every country and territory in the world and every state in the United States (US) from Google Trends. We also obtained the same trends for the last complete month of data for all US states (July 2021) to compare across cannabis use policies. We summarized QFs across years, countries, US states and cannabis policies in US states using linear regression, means and ratios. We estimated raw search counts for the US using comscore.com.ResultsThe global rate of delta-8-THC searches was stable between 2011 and 2019 before increasing by 257.0% from 2019 to 2020 and 705.0% from 2020 to 2021. In 2021, the rate of delta-8-THC searches in the US was at least 10 times higher than the rates in other countries or territories. In absolute terms, there were 22.3 million delta-8-THC searches in the US in the first 8 months of 2021 alone. Increases in delta-8-THC searches from 2020 to 2021 occurred in all 50 US states and the District of Columbia (Mean 854.2%; range = 256.4% - 2831.2%) but continued to vary substantially between states in 2021. In July 2021, the legal status of delta-9-THC use across US states explained 49.0% of the variance in delta-8-THC QFs between US states (R2 = 0.490; p < 0.001) and was inversely associated, where delta-8-THC QFs were higher in jurisdictions with stricter cannabis use policies.ConclusionPublic interest in delta-8-THC increased rapidly in 2020 and 2021 and was particularly high in US states that restricted delta-9-THC use. Jurisdictions should clarify whether delta-8-THC can be sold as a hemp product
Investigating the Cost- Effectiveness of Nutrient Credit Use As an Option for VDOT Stormwater Permitting Requirements Standard Title Page -Report on Federally Funded Project 1. Report No.: 2. Government Accession No.: 3. Recipient's Catalog No.: FHWA/VCTI
The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) participating in water quality trading (WQT) in lieu of constructing onsite structural best management practices (BMPs) to achieve compliance with Virginia water quality standards for stormwater runoff for linear development projects. The objectives of the study were (1) to assess the potential credit demand for VDOT projects, focusing on the James River watershed as a case study; and (2) to compare the costs to VDOT of constructing BMPs and participating in WQT. Data, including a database of existing BMPs, construction plans, and detailed cost estimates, were provided by VDOT. To assess the potential credit demand, details of existing BMPs were reviewed for eligibility to participate in WQT. For the cost comparison, a cost estimate for select linear development projects with BMPs was calculated and then compared to credit costs. Based on 19 years of historical data, VDOT could have used between 1 and 63 pounds of phosphorous credits per year and a median of 11 pounds of phosphorous credits per year for the James River watershed if current WQT guidelines had been in place over this period of time. In the hypothetical scenario where VDOT's participation in the WQT program was allowed in lieu of VDOT's construction of nine BMPs, VDOT would have realized a cost savings of 5% to 75%, with an average cost savings of 51%. These results suggest that participating in WQT at current market rates in lieu of constructing onsite structural BMPs is an economically feasible solution for VDOT to manage stormwater quality. It should be noted that market rates for phosphorus credits may change in the future. VDOT's Location and Design Division should continue purchasing stormwater credits for those projects that are eligible for WQT. ii DISCLAIMER The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the Virginia Department of Transportation, the Commonwealth Transportation Board, or the Federal Highway Administration. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. Any inclusion of manufacturer names, trade names, or trademarks is for identification purposes only and is not to be considered an endorsement. Copyright 2014 by the Commonwealth of Virginia. All rights reserved. iii ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) participating in water quality trading (WQT) in lieu of constructing onsite structural best management practices (BMPs) to achieve compliance with Virginia water quality standards for stormwater runoff for linear development projects. The objectives of the study were (1) to assess the potential credit demand for VDOT projects, focusing on the James River watershed as a case study; and (2) to compare the costs to VDOT of constructing BMPs and participating in WQT. Data, including a database of existing BMPs, construction plans, and detailed cost estimates, were provided by VDOT. To assess the potential credit demand, details of existing BMPs were reviewed for eligibility to participate in WQT. For the cost comparison, a cost estimate for select linear development projects with BMPs was calculated and then compared to credit costs. Based on 19 years of historical data, VDOT could have used between 1 and 63 pounds of phosphorous credits per year and a median of 11 pounds of phosphorous credits per year for the James River watershed if current WQT guidelines had been in place over this period of time. In the hypothetical scenario where VDOT's participation in the WQT program was allowed in lieu of VDOT's construction of nine BMPs, VDOT would have realized a cost savings of 5% to 75%, with an average cost savings of 51%. These results suggest that participating in WQT at current market rates in lieu of constructing onsite structural BMPs is an economically feasible solution for VDOT to manage stormwater quality. It should be noted that market rates for phosphorus credits may change in the future. VDOT's Location and Design Division should continue purchasing stormwater credits for those projects that are eligible for WQT