FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY AND LIQUIDITY IN THE NIGERIAN BANKING SECTOR

In recent times, financial technology advancement has been growing in volume of transactions. The increasingly used payment system has prompted concern on the long run impact of electronic payment on liquidity of the Nigerian banking sector. The study investigated impact of financial technology on the liquidity of the Nigerian banking sector. A case study research design was used to determine relationship existing between electronic payment services and banking sector liquidity in Nigeria. The study covered nine years period, using quarterly data spanning from the first quarter of 2009 to the fourth quarter of 2017. Secondary data was also collected in order to estimate the model. The dependent variable was proxied by loan to deposit ratio while the independent variables was proxied by automated teller machine, point of sales, mobile payment and automated clearing system-cheque. A unit root test was employed as a pre-estimation technique for this study, hence the variables where stationary at first difference. The study employed the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag or Bounds test approach in order to establish the short run dynamics and long run relationship of the model. Findings from the study suggested that there was a notable impact of electronic payment (fin-tech) on liquidity among all Deposit Money banks in Nigeria. Due to this finding the study concluded that an e-system in the banking sector will bring about financial development. Deposit Money banks should be encouraged to adopt electronic payment systems so as to have a better banking experience, easy access to banking products,reduced cost and flexibility of online international transactions

The International HapMap Project

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62838/1/nature02168.pd

A second generation human haplotype map of over 3.1 million SNPs

We describe the Phase II HapMap, which characterizes over 3.1 million human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in 270 individuals from four geographically diverse populations and includes 25-35% of common SNP variation in the populations surveyed. The map is estimated to capture untyped common variation with an average maximum r(2) of between 0.9 and 0.96 depending on population. We demonstrate that the current generation of commercial genome-wide genotyping products captures common Phase II SNPs with an average maximum r(2) of up to 0.8 in African and up to 0.95 in non-African populations, and that potential gains in power in association studies can be obtained through imputation. These data also reveal novel aspects of the structure of linkage disequilibrium. We show that 10-30% of pairs of individuals within a population share at least one region of extended genetic identity arising from recent ancestry and that up to 1% of all common variants are untaggable, primarily because they lie within recombination hotspots. We show that recombination rates vary systematically around genes and between genes of different function. Finally, we demonstrate increased differentiation at non-synonymous, compared to synonymous, SNPs, resulting from systematic differences in the strength or efficacy of natural selection between populations.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62863/1/nature06258.pd

Erratum to: Characterization of Nigerian breast cancer reveals prevalent homologous recombination deficiency and aggressive molecular features (Nature Communications, (2018), 9, 1, (4181), 10.1038/s41467-018-06616-0)

10.1038/s41467-018-07886-4Nature Communications10128

A haplotype map of the human genome

Inherited genetic variation has a critical but as yet largely uncharacterized role in human disease. Here we report a public database of common variation in the human genome: more than one million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for which accurate and complete genotypes have been obtained in 269 DNA samples from four populations, including ten 500-kilobase regions in which essentially all information about common DNA variation has been extracted. These data document the generality of recombination hotspots, a block-like structure of linkage disequilibrium and low haplotype diversity, leading to substantial correlations of SNPs with many of their neighbours. We show how the HapMap resource can guide the design and analysis of genetic association studies, shed light on structural variation and recombination, and identify loci that may have been subject to natural selection during human evolution

Genome-wide detection and characterization of positive selection in human populations

With the advent of dense maps of human genetic variation, it is now possible to detect positive natural selection across the human genome. Here we report an analysis of over 3 million polymorphisms from the International HapMap Project Phase 2 (HapMap2). We used 'long-range haplotype' methods, which were developed to identify alleles segregating in a population that have undergone recent selection, and we also developed new methods that are based on cross-population comparisons to discover alleles that have swept to near-fixation within a population. The analysis reveals more than 300 strong candidate regions. Focusing on the strongest 22 regions, we develop a heuristic for scrutinizing these regions to identify candidate targets of selection. In a complementary analysis, we identify 26 non-synonymous, coding, single nucleotide polymorphisms showing regional evidence of positive selection. Examination of these candidates highlights three cases in which two genes in a common biological process have apparently undergone positive selection in the same population:LARGE and DMD, both related to infection by the Lassa virus, in West Africa;SLC24A5 and SLC45A2, both involved in skin pigmentation, in Europe; and EDAR and EDA2R, both involved in development of hair follicles, in Asia