Influence of planning on the provision of services to children in Eastern States of Nigeria

Planning is an essential management function which invariably precedes all other activities that yield to effective services in an organization. This paper sought to determine, among other things, how planning affects the provision of library services to children in selected public libraries; determine the services provided and the degree of satisfaction derived; and to unravel problems inherent in the services. A survey research method was adopted; structured questionnaires and direct observations were used as instruments for data collection. A population of 58 Librarians and a sample of 800 registered children library users were involved in the study. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to analyse data. Findings showed that: planning significantly influenced the provision of library services to children in the public libraries studied. Through careful planning, a variety of services was offered to children users which sustained their interest to patronize the libraries. Recommendations were made for improvement of library services to children users in public librariesKeywords: Planning, Library. Services, Children, Influenc

Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Pathogenic Bacterial Isolates From Diseased Clarias gariepinus From Selected Ibadan And Ikorodu Farms

This study was carried out to isolate, characterise and identify bacteria from diseased Clarias gariepinusand also assess the occurrence of resistance to antimicrobial in isolated bacteria. Samples of diseased African Catfish were collected for a period of six weeks from consenting farms in Ibadan and Ikorodu in Nigeria and examined for clinical signs of disease. Pond water samples along with organs such as gills, skin, intestine, kidney and lungs from these fish were analyzed microbiologically using differential and selective media. Bacteria enumeration, identification and biochemical characterization were carried out and the physiochemical parameters of the water samples determined. All isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test using the standard Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The total bacterial load for the organs ranged between 3.0 x 104 (lungs sample) and 6.0 x 107cfu/g (gill sample). The gills had the highest average total bacterial count, while lungs had the least. Morphologically unique bacterial isolates obtained included Salmonella (14 isolates), Pseudomonas (4 isolates), Aeromonas (2 isolates), Edwardsiella (3 isolates) and Shigella (3 isolates). These isolates displayed antibiotic resistance profile to the following: Ceftazidime (38%), Cefuroxime (77%), Gentamicin (37%), Cefixime (73%), Ofloxacin (23%), Augmentin (66%), Nitrofurantoin (58%) and Ciprofloxacin (15%). Two Salmonella isolates had multi-drug resistance pattern. This study showed that indiscriminate use of unlicensed or unapproved antibiotics for aquaculture portends significant hazards to public health therefore disease prevention is preferable through good culture and health management to ensure optimum yields and wholesome products