2 research outputs found

    Comparative Growth Performance of West African Dwarf Goat Supplemented with \u3ci\u3eCalliandra calothyrsus\u3c/i\u3e, \u3ci\u3eLeucaena leucocephala\u3c/i\u3e, or Cotton Seed Cake in West Cameroon

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    A comparative growth performance study of African Dwarf Goats supplemented with Calliandra calothyrsus, Leucaena leucocephala or cotton seed cake was carried out on farm around Dschang and in the University Experimental Farm. Goats between 12 and 16 months of age were divided into 4 groups of 11 goats each with one group kept as a control. The supplemented animals received respectively 390 g of L. leucocephala, 380 g of C. calothyrsus (fresh matter) and 88.8 g of cotton seed cake each, corresponding to 6 g of nitrogen per animal per day. The animals were weighed every 21 days during 84 days. The adjusted average daily weight gains of animal supplemented with cotton seed cake (22.73g/j) was significantly higher (P\u3c 0.05) from that of the animals supplemented with L. leucocephala (13,00g/j) or C. calothyrsus (12,26 g/j). The animals of the control group had an adjusted average daily weight gain (11,54 g/j) not significantly lower than that of the animals supplemented with C. calothyrsus

    Amélioration génétique bovine par voie de croisement et de sélection en Afrique Tropicale : Expériences du Cameroun

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    Ce travail passe en revue les rĂ©sultats des travaux de recherches sur l’amĂ©lioration gĂ©nĂ©tique des zĂ©bus locaux (Goudali, White et Red Fulani) par voie de sĂ©lection et de croisement avec les races exotiques (Holstein, MontbĂ©liarde, Brahman amĂ©ricain, Jersiais, Tarentaise, Limousine et Charolaise). Ces travaux ont Ă©tĂ© conduits depuis 1952 dans les Centres de Recherches  Zootechniques de Wakwa et Bambui par l’Institut de Recherches Zootechniques (IRZ, aujourd’hui connue sous le nom de l’Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le DĂ©veloppement) du Cameroun, en système d’élevage semi-intensif dans les zones des hautes savanes guinĂ©ennes et des hauts plateaux de l’Ouest Cameroun. Les donnĂ©es proviennent des rapports d’activitĂ© et de consultations, des publications scientifiques et des entrevues. L’objectif est de ressortir les rĂ©sultats saillants utiles pour les dĂ©cideurs politiques, les chercheurs et les Ă©leveurs. Les principaux rĂ©sultats montrent que le potentiel laitier des croisĂ©s est gĂ©nĂ©ralement supĂ©rieur (>4 litres) Ă  celui des races locales (>3,5 litres). Les gĂ©notypes ayant moins de 75% de sang exotique sont les plus performants en lait et viande. Les causes de mortalitĂ© par ordre d’importance sont nutritionnelles (36,8%),  accidentelles (29,6%), pathologiques (21,1%), parasitaires (7,7%) et reproductives (4,8%). Par rapport aux autres produits de croisement, les croisĂ©s Holsteins ont Ă©tĂ© plus lourds Ă  la naissance (34,75 kg) avec une vitesse de croissance plus Ă©levĂ©e (0,46 kg), une production laitière plus Ă©levĂ©e (5,47 ± 0,17 litres), plus prĂ©coces (40,87 mois) et moins susceptibles au stress   Nuenvironnemental. Pour la filière bovin-Ă -viande, les performances de viande de la race synthĂ©tique Wakwa sont lĂ©gèrement supĂ©rieures Ă  celles des zĂ©bus Goudali sĂ©lectionnĂ©s dans le cheptel local. Cependant, le taux de susceptibilitĂ© Ă  la  dermatophilose est estimĂ© Ă  71,0%, 34,4% et 5,0% chez le pur, ½ et ÂĽ sang Brahman, respectivement. La sĂ©lection massale du zĂ©bu Goudali (variĂ©tĂ© NgaoundĂ©rĂ©) et la race synthĂ©tique Wakwa a permis d’obtenir des progrès gĂ©nĂ©tiques significatifs, soient, respectivement, 8,60 kg et 20,40 kg. Cependant, les corrĂ©lations gĂ©nĂ©tiques nĂ©gatives entre les effets directs et maternels montrent que le progrès gĂ©nĂ©tique serait davantage plus important si la sĂ©lection Ă©tait concentrĂ©e sur les performances  directes et maternelles. Les expĂ©riences d’insĂ©mination artificielle menĂ©es Ă  la SODEPA et Ă  « Tadu Dairy Cooperative Society»montrent que l’industrie laitière est une entreprise rentable avec un rapport bĂ©nĂ©fice-coĂ»t de 4,21. This work reviews the results of research on the genetic improvement of local zebus (Gudali, White and Red Fulani) through selection and crossbreeding with exotic cattle breeds (Holstein, Montbeliard, American Brahman, Jersey, Tarentaise, Limousine and Charolais). This work was started since 1952 by Institute of Animal Research (IRZ, now known as the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development) at the Wakwa and Bambui Research Centers, under semi-intensive management conditions in the  high Guinea savannah areas of the Adamawa Plateau and the highlands of West Cameroon. Data were obtained from activity and consultation reports, scientific publications and interviews. The objective is to highlight salient findings that are useful for policy makers, researchers and livestock producers. The main results show that the milk potential of crosses is generally higher (>4 liters) than that of local breeds (>3.5 liters). Genotypes with less than 75% exotic blood had the best milk and meat  production performance. The reported causes of mortality in order of importance are nutritional (36.8%), accidental (29.6%), pathological (21.1%), parasitic (7.7%) and reproductive (4.8%). Compared to the others crosses, Holstein crosses were found to be relatively heavier at birth (34.75 kg) with a higher growth rate (0.46 kg), higher daily milk production (5.47 ± 0.17 liters), earlier maturing (40.87 months), but more adapted to the breeding conditions and less susceptible to environmental stress. For the beef industry, the meat performance of the synthetic Wakwa breed is slightly better than that of the Gudali zebus selected from the local herd. However, the susceptibility rate to dermatophilosis was estimated at 71.0%, 34.4% and 5.0% in pure, ½ and ÂĽ blood Brahman, respectively. Individual selection of the Gudali zebu (NgaoundĂ©rĂ© subtype) and the synthetic Wakwa breed has resulted in significant genetic progress, 8.60 kg and 20.40 kg, respectively. However, the negative genetic correlations between direct and maternal effects showed that genetic progress would be more important if selection was concentrated on direct and maternal performance. Artificial insemination experiments conducted at SODEPA and Tadu Dairy Cooperative Society showed that the dairy industry is a profitable enterprise with a benefit-cost ratio of 4.21
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