18 research outputs found

    Π˜ΠΠ’Π•Π Π‘Π’Π˜Π¦Π˜ΠΠ›Π¬ΠΠ«Π• ΠŸΠ•Π™Π‘ΠœΠ•Π™ΠšΠ•Π ΠΠ«Π• ΠšΠ›Π•Π’ΠšΠ˜

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    This article is devoted to interstitial Cajal cells (syn. telocytes, interstitial pacemaker cells, IPC). First those cells were discovered by C.R Cajal in the muscle coat of the gut in 1893. Nowadays they have revealed in all parts of digestive systems (from esophagus to rectum), urinary and biliary tracts, prostate, liver, the walls of arteries and lymphatics, as well Fallopian tube, myometrium, mammary glands. Characteristic ultrastructural features are elongated spindle shape, length from 40 to 100 ΞΌm, the thickness of 0.2–0.5 ΞΌm, the presence of 2–5 processes. Length of them ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers, some of them have secondary and tertiary branching, forming a three-dimensional network. IPC having spontaneous electrical (pacemaker) activity are cause to contraction of smooth muscle cells. Depending on the location of IPC have different morphological and ultrastructural characteristics. Characteristic immunohistochemical markers are CD117, CD34, S100, vimentin. IPC replay to acetylcholine, norepinephrine, estrogen, progesterone, and nitric oxide by influence of corresponding receptors. IPC have specific gap junctions with lymphocytes, basophiles, eosinophils, neutrophils, mast cells and dendritic cells. Grave pathology of those cells are forming gastrointestinal stromal tumors.ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠšΠ°Ρ…Π°Π»Ρ (син. Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹, ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ пСйсмСйкСрныС ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ, ИПК). Π’ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ эти ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ описаны C.Π . ΠšΠ°Ρ…Π°Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌ слоС стСнки кишки Π² 1893 Π³. Π’ настоящСС врСмя ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ Π²ΠΎ всСх ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ… ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π° ΠΎΡ‚ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄ΠΎ прямой кишки, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΠΌΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… путях, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π΅, ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ, стСнках Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ лимфатичСских сосудов, Ρ„Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π°Ρ…, ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π΅. Π˜Ρ… Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ вытянутая вСрСтСновидная Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°, Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΎΡ‚ 40 Π΄ΠΎ 100 ΞΌΠΌ, Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Π° 0,2–0,5 ΞΌΠΌ, Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ 2–5 отростков. Π”Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° отростков колСблСтся ΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΈΡ… дСсятков Π΄ΠΎ сотни ΞΌΠΌ, Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, образуя Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΡΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ. Π—Π° счСт спонтанной элСктричСской (пСйсмСйкСрной) активности ИПК ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ сокращСниС Π³Π»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ. Π’ зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ИПК ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ морфологичСскиС ΠΈ ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ характСристики. Π₯Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ иммуногистохимичСскими ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ CD117, CD34, S100, Π²ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠΌ влияния Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ ИПК ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π° воздСйствия Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Ρ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°, Π½ΠΎΡ€Π°Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°, эстрогСна, прогСстСрона, оксида Π°Π·ΠΎΡ‚Π°. ИПК Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ с Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ„ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ, эозинофилами, Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Ρ‚ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π½Π΄Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π“Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ этих ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ являСтся Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚.Π½. Π³Π°ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ

    ΠœΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ ΠΠš ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ диагностичСcΠΊΠΈΠ΅ прСдвСстники развития Π°ΠΊΡƒΡˆΠ΅Ρ€ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ

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    MicroRNAs (miRs) are the class of short nucleotide sequences (21–27 nucleotides) RNA, non-coding protein synthesis. miRs are known as effective posttranscriptional negative regulators of gene expression with specific binding sites of targeted messenger RNA (mRNA) in the cytoplasm, providing translational repression or degradation of the target miR transcript. In this review we studied the role of miRNAs in the development of a physiological pregnancy and obstetric complications. The placenta is a unique organ which provides modulation of the immune system of the maternal organism during pregnancy including miRs which determine immunological tolerance of the body to the tissues of the fetus. Thus the Β«placentalΒ» miRs in maternal circulation may be the potential biomarker revealed at various obstetric pathology on the early stages before clinical manifestation of the diseases.ΠœΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ ΠΠš (мкНК) β€” класс ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π½ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ (21–27 Π½ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²) РНК, Π½Π΅ ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π² синтСзС Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°. мкРНК Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ эффСктивныС посттранскрипционныС Π½Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ рСгуляторы экспрСссии Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈ- Сся со спСцифичСскими участками ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… РНК (мРНК) Π² Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡŽ трансляции ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ транскриптов мишСнСй мРНК. Показана Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ мкРНК Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ бСрСмСнности ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ослоТнСний, ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ профилям мкРНК Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сроках физиологичСской бСрСмСнности, особСнно ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ иммунологичСской толСрантности ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ ΠΊ тканям ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π²ΠΎ врСмя бСрСмСнности. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ мкРНК, ассоциированныС с иммуносупрСссиСй, прСдставлСн ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒ мкРНК, связанных с прСэклампсиСй. ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… мкРНК Π² матСринском ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ исполь- Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² качСствС Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ прогностичСского Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€Π° Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡƒΡˆΠ΅Ρ€ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ наступлСния клиничСской манифСстации заболСвания

    ΠœΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ особСнности ΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ стромы ворсин Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°

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    Background: Nowadays autologous mesenchymal placental stromal cells (MSCs) may use to treat for various diseases both of the mother and the child. Stroma of the placenta villi is appropriated origin forΒ cell culture isolation.Β AimΒ of the study was to evaluate the possibility for selection and use of placental tissue for mesenchymal stromal cells.Β Materials and methods: The present study was based on 45Β placental samples of women aged 27βˆ’38Β yy. who underwent surgical delivery at 36βˆ’40Β weeks of gestation. 30Β of these women have been enrolled in the basic group including children with congenital abnormalities (CA). The comparison group consisted of 15Β patients with physiological pregnancy. We performed histological examination (with hematoxylin and eosin staining), immunohistochemical examination (with use monoclonal antibodies CD90 (1:25; Abcam, UK),Β Π‘D105 (1:500; Abcam, UK), CD44 (1:25; Dako),Β Π‘D73 (1:200, Abcam, UK), and electron microscopy (by microscope Philips/FEI Corporation, Eindhoven, Holland). EclipseΒ 80i microscope (Nikon Corporation, Japan) was used to examine the immunohistochemical reactions as a brown staining. The evaluation of the intensity of reaction was conducted by NIS-Elements Advanced Research 3.2Β program (Czech Republic). Student’s t-test and analysis of variance were used to compare the mean values. Differences were considered statistically significant at p0.05.Β Results: Interstitial cells of the stroma of the villi with CA had fibroblastic differentiation as revealed degenerative changes of the cells. The histologic examination with hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed significant fibrosis of the stroma of the placenta villi in CA group (p0,01). Immunohistochemical study of stem and intermediate chorionic villi revealed no significant differences in staining of CD44+,Β Π‘D90+,Β Π‘D73+, and CD105+ cells if compared to the control group (p0.05).Β AlthoughΒ CD105 expression was significantly lower in the CA group (0.058Β±0.0049) than in the control group (0.088Β±0.0039) (p0.05). However, electron microscopy detected the villi interstitial stromal cells with fibroblastic differentiation in CA group.Β Conclusions: Thus,Β it is necessary to exclude placenta withΒ obstetrical history, somatic, and congenital pathology of the mother and the child whenΒ selecting the placental cell culture. Moreover, choosing a sample the morphological structure of the placenta should be taken into consideration. However, congenital malformations of the fetus, pathology of the mother cultivate mesenchymal stromal cells of placentas is inappropriate and should be taken advantage of the donor cells.ОбоснованиС. В настоящСС врСмя строма ворсин Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° являСтся доступным ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ для ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ (МБК). В связи с развитиСм пСрсонифицированной ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… МБК ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ для лСчСния Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΒ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ЦСль исслСдования: ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ ΠΈΒ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ для получСния ΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ.Β ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. НастоящСС исслСдованиС Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π°Ρ… ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚ ΠΎΡ‚ 45Β Π±Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ТСнщин в возрастС 27βˆ’38Β Π»Π΅Ρ‚, Π½Π° срокС гСстации 36βˆ’40Β Π½Π΅Π΄, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ€Π³Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ.Β Π’Β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ 30Β ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½, Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒΒ ΡΒ Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ развития (Π’ΠŸΠ ). Π“Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ сравнСния составили 15 пациСнток с физиологичСским Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ бСрСмСнности Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² развития. На сСрийных ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… срСзах Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ гистологичСскоС (окраска гСматоксилином и эозином),Β Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ иммуногистохимичСскоС исслСдованиС с примСнСниСм ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Β ΠΊΒ ΠœΠ‘ΠšΒ CD90 (1:25; Abcam, ВСликобритания), Π‘D105 (1:500; Abcam, ВСликобритания),Β CD44 (1:25;Β Dako, Дания), Π‘D73 (1:200, Abcam, ВСликобритания). ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, 15Β ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ исслСдованы с примСнСниСм трансмиссионной элСктронной микроскопии (Philips/FEI Corporation, Eindhoven, Голландия). ΠšΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° интСнсивности ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°ΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π°Β Π²Β ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ… стромы ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΡ€ΡΠΈΠ½Β ΡΒ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ NIS-Elements (Czech Republic) для микроскопа Nikon EclipseΒ 80i. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ сравнСнии срСдних Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ использовался t-ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ Π‘Ρ‚ΡŒΡŽΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°. ΠšΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ значимости Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π» принят Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ 0,05.Β Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹.Β Π’Β Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ гистологичСского исслСдования ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… гСматоксилином и эозином, Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ„ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ стромы, отставаниС развития ворсинчатого Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π²Π° ворсин ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹Β Π²Β Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅Β ΡΒ Π’ΠŸΠ  (p0,01). ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ иммуногистохимичСском исслСдовании в стромС стволовых ипромСТуточных ворсин Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π΅ выявлСно Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ различия ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ группами в интСнсивности ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°ΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΒ CD73+,Β CD90+Β ΠΈΒ CD44+-ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ (Ρ€0,05). ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ экспрСссии CD105 в стромС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ворсин ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ сниТСниС ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°ΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΒ Π²Β Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Π’ΠŸΠ  (0,058Β±0,0049)Β Π²Β ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ сравнСния (0,088Β±0,0039) (Ρ€0,05). ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ элСктронной микроскопии ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ стромы ворсин ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π’ΠŸΠ  ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡƒ.Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, для получСния ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Ρ‹ ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚ ΠΎΡ‚ пациСнток с отягощСнным Π°ΠΊΡƒΡˆΠ΅Ρ€ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΒ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ для ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ МБК нСцСлСсообразно, и слСдуСт, вСроятно, Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ донорскими ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π° для ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ слСдуСт ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π½Π° морфологичСскоС строСниС ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹.

    Comparative morphological characteristics of the uteroplacental area in abnormal placentation

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    The aim. To carry out a comparative morphological characteristic of the uteroplacental area with abnormal placentation – pl. accreta, pl. increta, pl. percreta. Materials and methods. The study included 47 patients with atypical placentation; the comparison group included 10 healthy pregnant women with uterine scar after a previous caesarean section. A histological study of uteroplacental area samples was performed with hematoxylin and eosin, methylene blue staining. An immunohistochemical study with primary antibodies to cytokeratin 7 (CK7), Hif2a, vascular endothelial growth factor, Ξ±-SMA was carried out. The differences between the compared values were considered to be statistically significant at p < 0.05. The results of the study. Pl. accreta was determined in 12 (25.5 %), pl. increta – in 30 (63.9 %), pl. percreta – in 5 (10.6 %) patients. In all patients of the main group, the decidua was completely or partially absent in the area of abnormal placentation or was replaced by an uneven layer of fetal fibrinoid. Cases when placental villi unevenly penetrated into the thickness of myometrium in the form of β€œtongues” or β€œcoves” bordered by fetal fibrinoid and often located intermuscularly were defined as pl. increta (n = 26). Cases with the placental villi ingrowth to the serous membrane were considered as pl. Β percreta (n Β = Β 5). In cases with deep variants of Β ingrowth (pl. increta and pl. percreta) (n = 31), the villi were visualized in the lumen of the vessels and the thinning of the lower uterine segment with the presence of stretched muscle bundles was revealed. Aseptic necrosis of Β the myometrium was Β found: in 2 (16.7 %) of 12 women with pl. accreta, in 26 (86.7 %) of 30 women with pl. increta and in 5 (100 %) women with pl. percreta. There were no areas of necrosis in the myometrium of the women of comparison group. Conclusion. The appearance and increase of myometrial necrosis zones in response to an increase in the depth of placental villus ingrowth were detected. Myometrial necrosis zones could be the cause of activation of angiogenic factors and an important stimulus for the development of abnormal vascularization in placenta accreta spectrum

    ΠžΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ N-Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° SARS-Cov-2 Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ… Π²Π°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° студня ΠΏΡƒΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Ρƒ ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½ с COVID-19

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    Despite the large number of studies on the new coronavirus infection SARS-Cov-2 characterized by vascular damage on the impact of the virus on the mother-placenta-fetus system remains unknown. The umbilical cord, according to its functional purpose, is a complex of vessels protected from external influences by the embryonic connective tissue –Wharton's jelly. The aim of the study was to detect the structural components of SARS-Cov-2 in the histological structures of umbilicals cord in patients with COVID-19 in the tissues of the umbilical cord of women with COVID-19. The main group included 40 pregnant women who were treated at the academician V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology (March-April 2020) with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 (according to the positive PCR test of a nasopharyngeal swab) and 40 pregnant women of the comparison group, without clinical symptoms and laboratory tests, including the negative PCR test. As a result of the immunohistochemical study of the umbilical cord with primary antibodies to the SARS-Cov-2 N-protein in the COVID-19 group, staining of the cytoplasm of fibroblast-like cells and single macrophages Wharton's jelly was detected (pНСсмотря Π½Π° большоС количСство исслСдований, посвящСнных Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ коронавирусной ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ SARS-Cov-2, для ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ сосудов, вопрос ΠΎ влиянии вируса Π½Π° систСму Β«ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ-ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°-ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Β» остаСтся ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚Ρ‹ΠΌ. ΠŸΡƒΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎ своСму Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ прСдставляСт комплСкс сосудов, Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ‚ внСшнСго воздСйствия ΡΠΌΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡŒΡŽ – Π’Π°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ студнСм. ЦСль исслСдования – Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ N-Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ вируса SARS-Cov-2 Π² структурах ΠΏΡƒΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρƒ ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½, Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ… COVID-19. Π’ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ 40 Π±Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΡ… Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ мСдицинском ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡƒΡˆΠ΅Ρ€ΡΡ‚Π²Π°, Π³ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° Π’. И. ΠšΡƒΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° (ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚-Π°ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π»ΡŒ 2020 Π³.) с Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° COVID-19 (ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ПЦР-тСста ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ°, взятого ΠΈΠ· носоглотки), ΠΈ 40 Π±Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ сравнСния Π±Π΅Π· клиничСских ΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² вирусной ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ (с ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ тСстом ПЦР). Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ иммуногистохимичСского исслСдования ΠΏΡƒΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ с ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ N-Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΡƒ SARS-Cov-2 Π² Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ COVID-19 выявлСно ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°ΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ‹ фибробластоподобных ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π°Π³ΠΎΠ² Π’Π°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° студня (Ρ€ < 0.05), ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ отсутствовало Ρƒ ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½ Π±Π΅Π· коронавирусной ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎ вСроятном пСрсистировании вирусных Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ…, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π°Π³Π°Ρ… Π’Π°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° студня ΠΏΡƒΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² установлСнии Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… патогСнСтичСских ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² влияния Π‘OVID-19 Π½Π° систСму Β«ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ-ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°-ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Β», Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ раскрытии Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… патогСнСтичСских ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΡ‚ вирусных Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²

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    Hemostasis System and Plasminogen Activity in Retrochorial Hematoma in the First Trimester of Pregnancy

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    (1) Background: The components of the fibrinolytic system and its main component, plasminogen, play a key role in the first months of pregnancy. The effect of autoantibodies interacting with plasminogen in the formation of retrochorial hematoma is unknown. The aim of our study was to determine the role of plasminogen and IgA, IgM, and IgG, which bind to plasminogen, in retrochorial hematoma. (2) Methods: Prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), partial activated thromboplastin time (aPTT), soluble fibrin-monomer complex (SFMC), D-dimer, plasminogen activity (%Plg), plasminogen concentration (Plg), and the levels of IgG (IgG-Plg), IgM (IgM-Plg), IgA (IgA-Plg) interacting with plasminogen were determined in plasma samples of 57 women with normal pregnancy and 16 with retrochorial hematoma. (3) Results: %Plg in plasma samples from women with retrochorial hematoma was significantly lower than in plasma samples from women with normal pregnancy. The diagnostic significance of %Plg in the ROC analysis was AUC = 0.85. A direct correlation was found between aPTT and the level of autologous IgM interacting with plasminogen. (4) Conclusions: A decrease in the activity of plasminogen in the blood serum of women in the first trimester of pregnancy may indicate disturbances in the hemostasis system and the formation of retrochorial hematoma. According to the results of the study, it is possible to recommend the determination of plasminogen activity in the management of pregnant women in gynecological practice

    Accelerated Growth, Differentiation, and Ploidy with Reduced Proliferation of Right Ventricular Cardiomyocytes in Children with Congenital Heart Defect Tetralogy of Fallot

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    The myocardium of children with tetralogy of Fallot (TF) undergoes hemodynamic overload and hypoxemia immediately after birth. Comparative analysis of changes in the ploidy and morphology of the right ventricular cardiomyocytes in children with TF in the first years of life demonstrated their significant increase compared with the control group. In children with TF, there was a predominantly diffuse distribution of Connexin43-containing gap junctions over the cardiomyocytes sarcolemma, which redistributed into the intercalated discs as cardiomyocytes differentiation increased. The number of Ki67-positive cardiomyocytes varied greatly and amounted to 7.0–1025.5/106 cardiomyocytes and also were decreased with increased myocytes differentiation. Ultrastructural signs of immaturity and proliferative activity of cardiomyocytes in children with TF were demonstrated. The proportion of interstitial tissue did not differ significantly from the control group. The myocardium of children with TF under six months of age was most sensitive to hypoxemia, it was manifested by a delay in the intercalated discs and myofibril assembly and the appearance of ultrastructural signs of dystrophic changes in the cardiomyocytes. Thus, the acceleration of ontogenetic growth and differentiation of the cardiomyocytes, but not the reactivation of their proliferation, was an adaptation of the immature myocardium of children with TF to hemodynamic overload and hypoxemia
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