Human Nail Plate Modifications Induced by Onychomycosis : Implications for Topical Therapy

Open Access - This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are creditedConclusions: Onchomycotic nails presented a thicker but more porous barrier, and its eroded intracellular matrix rendered the tissue more permeable to topically applied chemicals when an aqueous vehicle was used.Purpose: Through the characterisation of the human onchomycotic nail plate this study aimed to inform the design of new topical ungual formulations.Methods: The mechanical properties of the human nail were characterised using a Lloyd tensile strength tester. The nail’s density was determined via pycnometry and the nail’s ultrastructure by electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy analysed the keratin disulphide bonds within the nail and its permeability properties were assessed by quantifying water and rhodamine uptake.Results: Chronic in vivo nail plate infection increased human nailplate thickness (healthy 0.49 ± 0.15 mm; diseased 1.20 ± 0.67 mm), but reduced its tensile strength (healthy 63.7 ± 13.4 MPa; diseased 41.7 ± 5.0 MPa) and density (healthy 1.34 ± 0.01 g/cm3; diseased 1.29 ± 0.00 g/cm3). Onchomycosis caused cell-cell separation, without disrupting the nail disulfide bonds or desmosomes. The diseased and healthy nails showed equivalent water uptake profiles, but the rhodamine penetration was 4-fold higher in the diseased nails using a PBS vehicle and 3 -fold higher in an ethanol/PBS vehicle.Peer reviewe

New Interpretation of Beruni's Pseudonym

Beruni's rich scientific heritage is not yet fully understood. Beruni learned from the great scientist Abu Nasir ibn Iraq about the Euclidean geometry and Ptolemy's astronomical teachings. Till 995 he solved the practical issues of astronomy, geography, geodesy, created the globe of the Earth and sky, and wrote several books on astronomy. One of these works was completed in 1025 by Geodesy. This work is devoted to "setting the boundaries of places to determine the distance between cities". At the end of Chapter 4, Biruni contemplated the measurement of the circumference of the Earth. From time immemorial, people have been interested in knowing the shape and size of the earth, and different peoples have different views of the shape of the Earth

The Importance and Necessity of Assessing the Efficiency of the Internal Control System

This article describes the essence of the internal control system. As a result of the conducted research, proposals were developed to improve the evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control system

LINGUACULTUROLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CONCEPT AND CONCEPT OF HAPPINESS

This article presents a linguaculturological analysis of the concept and perception of happiness. The study aims to explore how the linguistic and cultural factors influence the understanding and expression of happiness across different societies. The research employs a multidisciplinary approach, combining linguistic analysis, cultural studies, and psychological perspectives. The findings contribute to a deeper comprehension of the complexities associated with the concept of happiness, highlighting the diverse cultural nuances and linguistic variations that shape its understanding. The article concludes with implications for fostering well-being and suggests avenues for future research

LINGUACULTUROLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CONCEPT AND CONCEPT OF HAPPINESS.

This article presents a linguaculturological analysis of the concept and perception of happiness. The study aims to explore how the linguistic and cultural factors influence the understanding and expression of happiness across different societies. The research employs a multidisciplinary approach, combining linguistic analysis, cultural studies, and psychological perspectives. The findings contribute to a deeper comprehension of the complexities associated with the concept of happiness, highlighting the diverse cultural nuances and linguistic variations that shape its understanding. The article concludes with implications for fostering well-being and suggests avenues for future research

The Importance and Necessity of Assessing the Efficiency of the Internal Control System

This article describes the essence of the internal control system. As a result of the conducted research, proposals were developed to improve the evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control system

Features of Geographical Distribution of the Mountains of Uzbekistan on the Fitogene Laws

This article analyzes the geographical distribution of mountain glaciers in Uzbekistan, indicative of the importance of juniper forests

Photo stability of solutions of some rodamine dyes with carboxyl group

The effect of light irradiation on the spectral-luminescent characteristics of some rhodamine dyes with a carboxyl group in solvents of various natures was studied. It has been established that under the influence of light irradiation in aqueous solutions of selected dyes, a decrease in the intensity of absorption and fluorescence with a simultaneous hypsochromic shift of the electronic spectra is observed.Under the same conditions, discolored solutions of rhodamine dyes in a binary solvent mixture of 1% water + 99% DMSO are reduced in color and, accordingly, absorbing and fluorescent capacity. The observed phenomenon is explained by the transition of molecules of rhodamine dyes from a lactone form to cationic