Geoelectrical response of a water bearing sandstone shale sequence and estimation of sand shale ratio

An attempt has been made to use the geoelectrical response of a water bearing sandstone-shale sequence to estimate the sandstone-shale ratio. In all, 168 sandstone-shale sequence models were generated using Monte-Carlo simulation technique. The resistivity transform and its autocorrelation function of all the models were calculated. The amplitude, phase, power and log spectra Were also extracted. The power spectrum appears to hold promise in estimating the sand stone-shale ratio of these models because the power amplitude P2 shows a high negative correlation with sandstone shale ratio values

Cotrimoxazole-induced SIADH — a unique challenge during treatment of pulmonary nocardiosis

A 62 year old male non-smoker diagnosed with pulmonary nocardiosis was initiated on Cotrimoxazole therapy at a dose of 20 mg/kg per day in three divided doses. He developed hyponatremia (serum sodium 105 mEq/L) on day 3 of therapy. The potential causes of hyponatremia were evaluated. After ruling out other causes, the cause was suspected to be Cotrimoxazole-induced syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). We subsequently re-initiated therapy with Cotrimoxazole and the hyponatremia (serum sodium 110 mEq/L) recurred. Upon discontinuation of therapy, serum sodium levels returned to normal. The patient was started on Amoxycillin-Clavulanic Acid as an alternative therapy for pulmonary nocardiosis which resulted in resolution of the hyponatremia. Cotrimoxazole-induced SIADH is a rare occurrence. This case is representative of a patient with Cotrimoxazole-induced SIADH and the causal relationship was confirmed once resumption of therapy with the offending medi-cation resulted in hyponatremia. Clinicians should be aware of this rare adverse effect of Cotrimoxazole and should monitor serum electrolytes during therapy, especially in the elderly and in those receiving high doses

Influence of sowing time and phosphorus on, phenology, thermal requirement and yield of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) genotypes

Experiments were conducted at Hisar (Haryana, India) to study the effect of sowing time and phosphorus on phenology, thermal requirement and yield of two genotypes of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum). Genotype HM-65 performed better than T-8 with respect to yield and was more efficient in utilizing heat units. Delayed sowing resulted in significant reduction in time taken for initiation of flowering and maturity in both the genotypes. Thermal requirement decreased with delay in sowing in both the genotypes. Increasing levels of phosphorus up to 60 kg/ha significantly enhanced the yield but heat unit consumption slightly declined in both file genotypes. &nbsp

Groundwater resources assessment using integrated geophysical techniques in the southwestern region of Peninsular Malaysia.

Combined geophysical techniques such as multi-electrode resistivity, induced polarization, and borehole geophysical techniques were carried out on volcano-sedimentary rocks in the north of Gemas as part of the groundwater resource’s investigations. The result identifies four resistivity units: the tuffaceous mudstone, tuffaceous sandstone, the tuff bed, and the shale layer. Two types of aquifer systems in terms of storage were identified within the area: one within a fracture system (tuff), which is the leaky area through which vertical flow of groundwater occurs, and an intergranular property of the sandy material of the aquifer which includes sandstone and tuffaceous sandstone. The result also reveals that the aquifer occupies a surface area of about 3,250,555 m2 with a mean depth of 43.71 m and a net volume of 9.798 × 107 m3. From the approximate volume of the porous zone (28 %) and the total aquifer volume, a usable capacity of (274.339 ± 30.177) × 107 m3 of water in the study area can be deduced. This study provides useful information that can be used to develop a much broader understanding of the nature of groundwater potential in the area and their relationship with the local geology

Clinical outcome, viral response and safety profile of chloroquine in COVID-19 patients — initial experience

Introduction: Chloroquine and its analogues are currently being investigated for the treatment and post exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 due to its antiviral activity and immunomodulatory activity.Material and methods: Confirmed symptomatic cases of COVID-19 were included in the study. Patients were supposed to receive chloroquine (CQ) 500 mg twice daily for 7 days. Due to a change in institutional protocol, initial patients received chloroquine and subsequent patients who did not receive chloroquine served as negative controls. Clinical effectiveness was determined in terms of timing of symptom resolution and conversion rate of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on day 14 and day 15 of admission.Results: Twelve COVID-19 patients formed the treatment arm and 17 patients were included in the control arm. The duration of symptoms among the CQ treated group (6.3 ± 2.7 days) was significantly (p-value = 0.009) lower than that of the control group (8.9 ± 2.2 days). There was no significant difference in the rate of RT-PCR negativity in both groups. 2 patients out of 12 developed diarrhea in the CQ therapy arm.  Conclusion: The duration of symptoms among the treated group (with chloroquine) was significantly lower than that of the control group. RT-PCR conversion was not significantly different between the 2 groups

Hydrogeological typologies of the Indo-Gangetic basin alluvial aquifer, South Asia

The Indo-Gangetic aquifer is one of the world’s most important transboundary water resources, and the most heavily exploited aquifer in the world. To better understand the aquifer system, typologies have been characterized for the aquifer, which integrate existing datasets across the Indo-Gangetic catchment basin at a transboundary scale for the first time, and provide an alternative conceptualization of this aquifer system. Traditionally considered and mapped as a single homogenous aquifer of comparable aquifer properties and groundwater resource at a transboundary scale, the typologies illuminate significant spatial differences in recharge, permeability, storage, and groundwater chemistry across the aquifer system at this transboundary scale. These changes are shown to be systematic, concurrent with large-scale changes in sedimentology of the Pleistocene and Holocene alluvial aquifer, climate, and recent irrigation practices. Seven typologies of the aquifer are presented, each having a distinct set of challenges and opportunities for groundwater development and a different resilience to abstraction and climate change. The seven typologies are: (1) the piedmont margin, (2) the Upper Indus and Upper-Mid Ganges, (3) the Lower Ganges and Mid Brahmaputra, (4) the fluvially influenced deltaic area of the Bengal Basin, (5) the Middle Indus and Upper Ganges, (6) the Lower Indus, and (7) the marine-influenced deltaic areas

Apparent resistivity over a three layer earth with anisotropic interstratum

The present work aims at investigating the effects of anisotropy on the apparent resistivity measurements over the surface of a three layer Earth. An appropriate model with the anisotropic layer embedded between two isotropic media is chosen for study. The point current source is assumed to be present at the surface of such a model. After writing the values of the potentials in each layer, expressions for apparent resistivities for Wenner and Schlumberger configurations are derived. Also, the expressions for potential for the limiting cases in which the bottom layer is infinitely resistive or infinitely conducting are derived. It is shown that these expressions can be recast into simpler forms corresponding to isotropic layer (s) on an isotropic half-space

Theoretical resistivity sounding results over a transition layer model

An earth model with a transition layer (anisotropic inhomogeneous) is considered. The inhomogeneity in σv (vertical conductivity) of the transition layer is represented by a power law variation. Expressions for potential distribution in the upper layer, transition layer and bottom layer are obtained by solving appropriate differential equation for each layer. By utilizing the boundary conditions, expressions of apparent resistivity for Wenner and Schlumberger configurations are derived. Numerical analysis is performed for linear and quadratic variation of σv. The results are presented in the form of theoretical apparent resistivity curves for both configurations. Negative apparent resistivities are the interesting feature of this analysis