Formulation, Characterisation And In Vitro Skin Irritation Studies Of Jasminum Officinale And Anthemis Nobilis Essential Oil Nanoemulsion For Aedes AEGYPTI Repellent Activity

Mosquitoes are important vectors responsible for the transmission of many pathogens that cause major human morbidity and mortality. Aedes aegypti is the main species engaged in the transmission of dengue fever. Natural repellents such as essential oils may provide a means of protection from mosquito bites that are safer and more pleasant to use. However, their effectiveness decreases relatively fast over time due to high volatility. Nanoemulsion formulation enables to control the volatility of essential oil and thereby extends the duration of repellency. Therefore, oil-in-water nanoemulsion containing the mixture of Jasminum officinale and Anthemis nobilis essential oils were formulated via ultrasonication, and characterised with respect to droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and storage stability. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that oxygenated monoterpenes and diterpenes constituted 31.14% and 21.20% of J. officinale, respectively. For A. nobilis, oxygenated monoterpenes accounted for 84.79% of the compounds identified. The combination of J. officinale and A. nobilis in a 1:1 ratio exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher repellency against Ae. aegypti using a rat model for 120 min than the individual oils. The droplet size of nanoemulsions; nJC1, nJC2 and nJC3 were 264.23, 291.43 and 351.37 nm, respectively. The zeta potential and PDI of the nanoemulsions were -32.77 to -46.93 mV and 0.232 to 0.264, respectively

Genotoxicity Assessment Of Standardised Root Extract Of Eurycoma Longifolia Jack And Synthesis Of Some Benzimidazole Derivatives And Evaluation Of Their Anti-Cancer Potential

In this study, the genotoxic potential of standardised root extract, F2 of Eurycoma longifolia Jack has been assessed using the mouse lymphoma assay (MLA) in accordance with OECD guideline. This work serves to be the first test to evaluate the safety profile of E. longifolia using the in vitro mammalian system. The MLA is capable of detecting a broad spectrum of mutational events include point mutations and chromosomal abberations. The L5178Y/tk+/- cells were treated with 1 to 50 μg/mL of the root extract in the absence and presence of S9 metabolic activation for 3-h. A 24-h treatment assay was performed without the S9 metabolic activation

Microwave-assisted synthesis of sec/tert-butyl 2-arylbenzimidazoles and their unexpected antiproliferative activity towards ER negative breast cancer cells

A new series of N-sec/tert-butyl 2-arylbenzimidazole derivatives was synthesised in 85–96% yields within 2–3.5 min by condensing ethyl 3-amino-4-butylamino benzoate with various substituted metabisulfite adducts of benzaldehyde under focused microwave irradiation. The benzimidazole analogues were characterised using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, high resolution MS and melting points. Evaluation of antiproliferative activity of the benzimidazole analogues against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 revealed several compounds with unexpected selective inhibitions of MDA-MB-231 in micromolar range. All analogues were found inactive towards MCF-7. The most potent inhibition against MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line came from the unsubstituted 2-phenylbenzimidazole 10a