9 research outputs found
An order-level lot-size model for deteriorating items for two storage facilities when demand is exponentially declining
En este estudio investigativo, se trata de desarrollar una política de ordenamiento pra ariticulos deterioroables en los que la demanda es exponencialmente decreciente y el minorista utiliza dos depósitos para almacenar articulos. Se supone que los ciclos con forman un proceso de regeneración. El costo total por unidad de tiempo es mínima. Un ejemplo numérico se da para ilustrar el modelo. El análisis de sensibilidad se lleva a cabo para estudiar los cambios en las variables de decisión y el coste total de un sistema de inventario.In this research study, an attempt is made to develop ordering policy for deteriorating items when demand is exponentially decreasing and retailer uses two warehouses to store items. It is assumed that the cycles form a regenerative process. The total cost per time unit is minimized. A numerical example is given to illustrate the model. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to study the changes in the decision variables and total cost of an inventory system
The epinet data of four Indian hospitals on incidence of exposure of healthcare workers to blood and body fluid: A multicentric prospective analysis
Background : Sharps injury (SI) and blood and body fluid exposure are
occupational hazards to healthcare workers (HCWs). Although data from
the developed countries have shown the enormity of the problem, data
from developing countries, such as India, are lacking. Purpose : The
purpose of this study was to cumulate data from fourmajor hospitals in
India and analyze the incidence of SI and blood and body fluid exposure
in HCWs. Materials and Methods : Four Indian hospitals (hospital A, B,
C and D) from major cities of India participated in this multicentric
study. Data ranging from 6 to 26 months were collected from these
hospitals using Exposure Prevention Information network (EPINet) which
is the database created by International Healthcare Worker Safety
Research and Resource Center, University of Virginia. Results : Two
hundred and forty-three sharp injuries and 22 incidents of blood or
body fluid exposure were encountered in the cumulated 50 months of our
study. The incidence of SIs was the highest among nurses (55%) of
allthe HCWs, akin to the global data. An injury rate of nearly 20%
among housekeeping staff seems to be specific to the Indian data.
Patient′s room followed by operation theater appeared to be
common locations of injury in our study. The source of the injury was
identified in majority (64%) of the injuries. A major part of the group
was not the primary users of the sharp (38%). Disposable needles caused
nearly half of the injuries. Suture needles contributed to a reasonable
number of injuries in one of the hospitals. Conclusions : The incidence
of SI is the highest among nurses and the housekeeping staff (>30%
each). A substantial number of injuries are avoidable
Forum for Injection Technique 2.0 Addendum 1: Insulin use in indoor settings
Insulin is a frequently used drug in the indoor setting. Comprehensive recommendations for best practice in insulin injection technique have been published by the forum for injection technique (FIT), India. This addendum focuses on insulin use in indoor settings, and complements the FIT 2.0 recommendations. It discusses insulin use and disposal in critical care and noncritical care settings. It also highlights the need to ensure continuing nursing and medical education, and frame insulin policies for such use
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Surgical site infection rates in six cities of India: findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC)
Surgical site infections are a threat to patient safety. However, in India, data on their rates stratified by surgical procedure are not available.
From January 2005 to December 2011, the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) conducted a cohort prospective surveillance study on surgical site infections in 10 hospitals in 6 Indian cities. CDC National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) methods were applied and surgical procedures were classified into 11 types, according to the ninth edition of the International Classification of Diseases.
We documented 1189 surgical site infections, associated with 28 340 surgical procedures (4.2%; 95% CI: 4.0-4.4). Surgical site infections rates were compared with INICC and CDC-NHSN reports, respectively: 4.3% for coronary bypass with chest and donor incision (4.5% vs 2.9%); 8.3% for breast surgery (1.7% vs 2.3%); 6.5% for cardiac surgery (5.6% vs 1.3%); 6.0% for exploratory abdominal surgery (4.1% vs 2.0%), among others.
In most types of surgical procedures, surgical site infections rates were higher than those reported by the CDC-NHSN, but similar to INICC. This study is an important advancement towards the knowledge of surgical site infections epidemiology in the participating Indian hospitals that will allow us to introduce targeted interventions
Device-Associated Infection Rates in 20 Cities of India, Data Summary for 2004–2013: Findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium
To report the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium surveillance data from 40 hospitals (20 cities) in India 2004-2013.
Surveillance using US National Healthcare Safety Network's criteria and definitions, and International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium methodology.
We collected data from 236,700 ICU patients for 970,713 bed-days Pooled device-associated healthcare-associated infection rates for adult and pediatric ICUs were 5.1 central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs)/1,000 central line-days, 9.4 cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAPs)/1,000 mechanical ventilator-days, and 2.1 catheter-associated urinary tract infections/1,000 urinary catheter-days In neonatal ICUs (NICUs) pooled rates were 36.2 CLABSIs/1,000 central line-days and 1.9 VAPs/1,000 mechanical ventilator-days Extra length of stay in adult and pediatric ICUs was 9.5 for CLABSI, 9.1 for VAP, and 10.0 for catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Extra length of stay in NICUs was 14.7 for CLABSI and 38.7 for VAP Crude extra mortality was 16.3% for CLABSI, 22.7% for VAP, and 6.6% for catheter-associated urinary tract infections in adult and pediatric ICUs, and 1.2% for CLABSI and 8.3% for VAP in NICUs Pooled device use ratios were 0.21 for mechanical ventilator, 0.39 for central line, and 0.53 for urinary catheter in adult and pediatric ICUs; and 0.07 for mechanical ventilator and 0.06 for central line in NICUs.
Despite a lower device use ratio in our ICUs, our device-associated healthcare-associated infection rates are higher than National Healthcare Safety Network, but lower than International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium Report
International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module
We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN