Note on Invariants of the Weyl Tensor

Algebraically special gravitational fields are described using algebraic and differential invariants of the Weyl tensor. A type III invariant is also given and calculated for Robinson-Trautman spaces.Comment: 3 pages, no figures, corrected expression (12

The Relationship between Traumagenic Dynamic Responses towards Childhood Sexual Abuse, Ethnic Identity, Social Support, Trauma Severity, and Attitudes towards Interpersonal Relationships in Adolescent Females

This study used the theory of traumagenic dynamics (TD) to examine how symptomatology resulting childhood sexual abuse (CSA) are related to the attitudes adolescent females have towards interpersonal relationships. The ultimate goal being that this understanding can inform the creation and implementation of empirically based clinical interventions that specifically target CSA-related symptoms which are associated with the endorsement of unhealthy attitudes towards romantic relationships. In examining this relationship, family support and ethnic identity were examined as protective factors against the endorsement of unhealthy attitudes towards romantic relationships, and trauma severity and the presence of domestic violence in the home were examined as a risk factors for the endorsement of unhealthy attitudes towards romantic relationships. Correlational, regression, and hierarchical regression analyses indicated that in this study’s sample: (a) TD symptoms were not related to attitudes toward romantic relationships, (b) exposure to domestic violence was not related to TD symptomatology, (c) greater trauma severity predicted a greater level of TD symptomatology but not a higher endorsement of unhealthy romantic relationships, (d) family support and ethnic identity were not correlated, (e) family support and ethnic identity served as a protective factors against endorsing unhealthy attitudes towards romantic relationships, and (f) family support served as a protective factor against experiencing TD symptoms. Findings support investigation of interventions that address trauma severity and attitudes towards romantic relationships and interventions that include family and ethnic community members

Mid-Holocene horizons of strongly decomposed peat and problems of dating paleohydrological changes in mires in the Racibórz basin, Southern Poland

During litho-stratigraphic studies of deposits in small mires in the upper basin of the Oder River, mid-Holocene hiatuses identified by the presence of horizons of strongly decomposed peat (HSDP), were identified at four sites. Radiocarbon dating results indicate long (103 years) breaks in peat accumulation and the dates obtained from the underlying layers of deposit are inconsistent with the pollen record. In order to explain these discrepancies, an attempt was made to recreate the condi-tions of HSDP formation under the influence of endo- and exogenous factors determining peatland productivity. In the light of macrofossil analysis, the development of HSDP during the Atlantic and Subboreal periods, when the humidity of habitats decreased, occurred at an advanced stage of devel-opment of swamps with Alnetea glutinosae forest communities. The gradual rise in water levels in the mires that started in the Subboreal period and intensified during the Subatlantic period was recorded as a slow shift in vegetation towards non-forest, sedge-moss communities belonging to the Mag-nocaricion alliance or the Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae class. One consequence of the mechanism of HSDP formation is the existence of limitations on the dating of the duration of the dry phase owing to the presence of organic matter of different ages in the degraded peat layer. The determination of the age of wet phases offers better prospects. In the light of radiocarbon dating, which is essentially in line with the pollen analysis results, the transition towards positive peatland productivity occurred be-tween ca. 9th century BC and 7th century CE

Epidemiology of diabetes.

The disease burden related to diabetes is high and rising in every country, fuelled by the global rise in the prevalence of obesity and unhealthy lifestyles. The latest estimates show a global prevalence of 382 million people with diabetes in 2013, expected to rise to 592 million by 2035. The aetiological classification of diabetes has now been widely accepted. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are the two main types, with type 2 diabetes accounting for the majority (>85%) of total diabetes prevalence. Both forms of diabetes can lead to multisystem complications of microvascular endpoints, including retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy, and macrovascular endpoints including ischaemic heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. The premature morbidity, mortality, reduced life expectancy and financial and other costs of diabetes make it an important public health condition.NGF and NJW acknowledge support from the core Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit Programmes ( MC_UU_12015/5 and MC_UU_12015/1 ).This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2014.09.00

The EPIC-InterAct Study: A Study of the Interplay between Genetic and Lifestyle Behavioral Factors on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in European Populations.

The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes around the world and the global pattern of variation in risk between countries have been widely attributed to an interplay between rising rates of obesity and poor lifestyles, and genetic or developmental susceptibility to disease. Although this general hypothesis has been in existence for more than 50 years, the precise mechanisms that may explain it have remained uncertain. Advances in technology and the application of new methods in large scale population studies have made it possible to study these mechanisms. The InterAct project, funded by the European Commission, is a large case-cohort study which has verified 12,403 incident cases of type 2 diabetes, facilitating the study of genetic and lifestyle factors on the risk of type 2 diabetes among European populations.This is the final version. It was first published by Springer in Current Nutrition Reports at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4218968

Dietary dairy product intake and incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective study using dietary data from a 7-day food diary

The consumption of specific dairy types may be beneficial for the prevention of diabetes. Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between total and types of dairy product intake and risk of developing incident type 2 diabetes, using a food diary. Methods: A nested case-cohort within the EPIC-Norfolk Study was examined, including a random subcohort (n=4,000) and cases of incident diabetes (n=892, including 143 cases in the subcohort) followed-up for 11 years. Diet was assessed using a prospective 7-day food diary. Total dairy intake (g/day) was estimated and categorised into high-fat (≥3.9%) and low-fat (<3.9% fat) dairy, and by subtype into yoghurt, cheese and milk. Combined fermented dairy product intake (yoghurt, cheese, sour cream) was estimated and categorised into high- and low-fat. Prentice-weighted Cox regression HRs were calculated. Results: Total dairy, high-fat dairy, milk, cheese and high-fat fermented dairy product intakes were not associated with the development of incident diabetes. Low-fat dairy intake was inversely associated with diabetes in age- and sex-adjusted analyses (tertile [T] 3 vs T1, HR 0.81 [95% CI 0.66, 0.98]), but further adjustment for anthropometric, dietary and diabetes risk factors attenuated this association. In addition, an inverse association was found between diabetes and low-fat fermented dairy product intake (T3 vs T1, HR 0.76 [95% CI 0.60, 0.99]; ptrend=0.049) and specifically with yoghurt intake (HR 0.72 [95% CI 0.55, 0.95]; ptrend=0.017) in multivariable adjusted analyses. Conclusions/interpretation: Greater low-fat fermented dairy product intake, largely driven by yoghurt intake, was associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes development in prospective analyses. These findings suggest that the consumption of specific dairy types may be beneficial for the prevention of diabetes, highlighting the importance of food group subtypes for public health messages

Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Posyandu Harum Sari Rt.01/ Rw.05 Kelurahan Tangkerang Selatan Kecamatan Bukit Raya Pekanbaru

Abstarct: This research aims to know The effectiveness of Posyandu Harum Sari Application RT.01/RW.05. Tangkerang Selatan District, Bukit Raya Pekanbaru. This research use naturalistic description by qualitative approach that purpose to give description systematically about the situation that being the objective of the research The effectiveness of Posyandu Harum Sari Application RT.01/RW.05 Tangkerang Selatan District, Bukit Raya Pekanbaru. The data collecting technique is observation, interview, and documentation. The data is achieved from the subject of the research includes two basic participants, controll participants and observed participants. The research findings of this research is Harum Sari Posyandu not be succes fully in achieving the activity application. So, it is still be done an effor to increase the participation and society in application even increase the service. The human resource in Harum Sari Posyandu encourages activity application as device, infrastructure, cadre, and donation. Device and infrastructure is table and chairs, children scales, and adult scales, bedroom, medicines, children foods. Meanwhile, the donation of the application is achieved from society, and RT. The acceptance and society cadre beliefs about Posyandu is good. It can be seen from their spirit in giving the posyandu service. Furthermore, the fifth participants states that the visitor accept and belief that the posyandu is good and proper. The cadre satisfaction in giving health service in Posyandu is good enough. Then the visitor satisfaction in accepting the health service at Posyandu

Increasing Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Temperature on Growth and Histopathology of Tropic Macroalgae Halimeda SP

The increasing CO2 concentration and temperature affected growth, chlorophyll content, calcium content, and histological tissue of tropical macroalgae Halimeda sp. The study was conducted to examine the interaction effect of the increased CO2 concentration and temperature on growth, chlorophyll-a content, calcium content, and histological tissue of tropical macroalgae Halimeda sp in a laboratory. Research was set with a completely randomized factorial design at 3 levels of factors (A) the CO2 concentration: 385 ppm (ambient), 750 ppm (medium), 1000 ppm (high), and 3 levels of factor (B) the temperature: 30oC, 32oC, 34oC. Microcolony of macroalgae Halimeda sp were selected and obtained from the Lae-lae island then growing in the aquarium 30 x 30 x 45 cm3. Biological parameters observed were growth rate (total, specific and relative), chlorophyll-a content, calcium content, and histopathology tissue. The results showed that the increased of CO2 concentration and temperature negatively affected on the growth of Halimeda sp, reduced of the growth rate, the chlorophyll-a content, calcium content and damaged to histopatology tissue of the Halimeda sp at trophical macroalgae