Note on Invariants of the Weyl Tensor

Algebraically special gravitational fields are described using algebraic and differential invariants of the Weyl tensor. A type III invariant is also given and calculated for Robinson-Trautman spaces.Comment: 3 pages, no figures, corrected expression (12

The Relationship between Traumagenic Dynamic Responses towards Childhood Sexual Abuse, Ethnic Identity, Social Support, Trauma Severity, and Attitudes towards Interpersonal Relationships in Adolescent Females

This study used the theory of traumagenic dynamics (TD) to examine how symptomatology resulting childhood sexual abuse (CSA) are related to the attitudes adolescent females have towards interpersonal relationships. The ultimate goal being that this understanding can inform the creation and implementation of empirically based clinical interventions that specifically target CSA-related symptoms which are associated with the endorsement of unhealthy attitudes towards romantic relationships. In examining this relationship, family support and ethnic identity were examined as protective factors against the endorsement of unhealthy attitudes towards romantic relationships, and trauma severity and the presence of domestic violence in the home were examined as a risk factors for the endorsement of unhealthy attitudes towards romantic relationships. Correlational, regression, and hierarchical regression analyses indicated that in this study’s sample: (a) TD symptoms were not related to attitudes toward romantic relationships, (b) exposure to domestic violence was not related to TD symptomatology, (c) greater trauma severity predicted a greater level of TD symptomatology but not a higher endorsement of unhealthy romantic relationships, (d) family support and ethnic identity were not correlated, (e) family support and ethnic identity served as a protective factors against endorsing unhealthy attitudes towards romantic relationships, and (f) family support served as a protective factor against experiencing TD symptoms. Findings support investigation of interventions that address trauma severity and attitudes towards romantic relationships and interventions that include family and ethnic community members

Quantum analog of channeled electron trajectories in periodic magnetic and electric fields

We calculate the quantum states corresponding to the drifting and channeled classical orbits in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) with strong magnetic and electric modulations along one spatial direction, $x$. The channeled states carry high, concentrated currents along the $y$ axis, and are confined in an effective potential well. The quantum and the classical states are compared.Comment: 8 pages with 4 included ps figures, contribution to "SemiMag 13" Nijmegen, August 1998, to appear in Physica

Mid-Holocene horizons of strongly decomposed peat and problems of dating paleohydrological changes in mires in the Racibórz basin, Southern Poland

During litho-stratigraphic studies of deposits in small mires in the upper basin of the Oder River, mid-Holocene hiatuses identified by the presence of horizons of strongly decomposed peat (HSDP), were identified at four sites. Radiocarbon dating results indicate long (103 years) breaks in peat accumulation and the dates obtained from the underlying layers of deposit are inconsistent with the pollen record. In order to explain these discrepancies, an attempt was made to recreate the condi-tions of HSDP formation under the influence of endo- and exogenous factors determining peatland productivity. In the light of macrofossil analysis, the development of HSDP during the Atlantic and Subboreal periods, when the humidity of habitats decreased, occurred at an advanced stage of devel-opment of swamps with Alnetea glutinosae forest communities. The gradual rise in water levels in the mires that started in the Subboreal period and intensified during the Subatlantic period was recorded as a slow shift in vegetation towards non-forest, sedge-moss communities belonging to the Mag-nocaricion alliance or the Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae class. One consequence of the mechanism of HSDP formation is the existence of limitations on the dating of the duration of the dry phase owing to the presence of organic matter of different ages in the degraded peat layer. The determination of the age of wet phases offers better prospects. In the light of radiocarbon dating, which is essentially in line with the pollen analysis results, the transition towards positive peatland productivity occurred be-tween ca. 9th century BC and 7th century CE

The EPIC-InterAct Study: A Study of the Interplay between Genetic and Lifestyle Behavioral Factors on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in European Populations.

The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes around the world and the global pattern of variation in risk between countries have been widely attributed to an interplay between rising rates of obesity and poor lifestyles, and genetic or developmental susceptibility to disease. Although this general hypothesis has been in existence for more than 50 years, the precise mechanisms that may explain it have remained uncertain. Advances in technology and the application of new methods in large scale population studies have made it possible to study these mechanisms. The InterAct project, funded by the European Commission, is a large case-cohort study which has verified 12,403 incident cases of type 2 diabetes, facilitating the study of genetic and lifestyle factors on the risk of type 2 diabetes among European populations.This is the final version. It was first published by Springer in Current Nutrition Reports at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4218968

Methods for Measuring New-Physics Parameters in B Decays

Recently, it was argued that new-physics (NP) effects in B decays can be approximately parametrized in terms of a few quantities. As a result, CP violation in the $B$ system allows one not only to detect the presence of new physics (NP), but also to measure its parameters. This will allow a partial identification of the NP, before its production at high-energy colliders. In this paper, we examine three methods for measuring NP parameters. The first uses a technique involving both \btos and \btod penguin B decays. Depending on which pair of decays is used, the theoretical error is in the range 5--15%. The second involves a comparison of $B\to \pi K$ and $B\to\pi\pi$ decays. Although the theoretical error is large (\gsim 25%), the method can be performed now, with presently-available data. The third is via a time-dependent angular analysis of \bvv decays. In this case, there is no theoretical error, but the technique is experimentally challenging, and the method applies only to those NP models whose weak phase is universal to all NP operators. A reliable identification of the NP will involve the measurement of the NP parameters in many different ways, and with as many B decay modes as possible, so that it will be important to use all of these methods.Comment: 33 pages, latex, no figures. Appendix added. Analysis and conclusions unchange

Dietary dairy product intake and incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective study using dietary data from a 7-day food diary

The consumption of specific dairy types may be beneficial for the prevention of diabetes. Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between total and types of dairy product intake and risk of developing incident type 2 diabetes, using a food diary. Methods: A nested case-cohort within the EPIC-Norfolk Study was examined, including a random subcohort (n=4,000) and cases of incident diabetes (n=892, including 143 cases in the subcohort) followed-up for 11 years. Diet was assessed using a prospective 7-day food diary. Total dairy intake (g/day) was estimated and categorised into high-fat (≥3.9%) and low-fat (<3.9% fat) dairy, and by subtype into yoghurt, cheese and milk. Combined fermented dairy product intake (yoghurt, cheese, sour cream) was estimated and categorised into high- and low-fat. Prentice-weighted Cox regression HRs were calculated. Results: Total dairy, high-fat dairy, milk, cheese and high-fat fermented dairy product intakes were not associated with the development of incident diabetes. Low-fat dairy intake was inversely associated with diabetes in age- and sex-adjusted analyses (tertile [T] 3 vs T1, HR 0.81 [95% CI 0.66, 0.98]), but further adjustment for anthropometric, dietary and diabetes risk factors attenuated this association. In addition, an inverse association was found between diabetes and low-fat fermented dairy product intake (T3 vs T1, HR 0.76 [95% CI 0.60, 0.99]; ptrend=0.049) and specifically with yoghurt intake (HR 0.72 [95% CI 0.55, 0.95]; ptrend=0.017) in multivariable adjusted analyses. Conclusions/interpretation: Greater low-fat fermented dairy product intake, largely driven by yoghurt intake, was associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes development in prospective analyses. These findings suggest that the consumption of specific dairy types may be beneficial for the prevention of diabetes, highlighting the importance of food group subtypes for public health messages

Ssociation Of Between Duration Of Computer Light Exposure And Computer Vision Syndrome Incidences In Employees Who Are Using Computers

ntroduction: The use of computers is increasing these days. The use of computer causeserious eye complaints in the form of Computer vision syndrome (CVS) symptoms. CVS is adisease associated with symptoms of watery eyes, blurred vision, eye redness, eye strain, etc.Consequences of these symptoms can reduce working productivity or efficiency. Allegedlyone of the factors that trigger CVS symptoms is the duration of computer’s light exposure. Purpose: To determined whether there is association between duration of computer lightexposure with Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS)’s incidence in employees who usecomputers. Method: This study was an observational analytic study with cross-sectional design. Thesampling method used was purposive sampling. The total sample in this study was 85 people.The duration of light exposure was measured by interview while the CVS was measuredusing the CVS-q questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS program withchi-square test. Results:The results of this study found that people who work more than 4 hours were morelikely to experienced symptoms of CVS compared to people who work less than 4 hours. Theresults showed that there was a significant association between the duration of computer lightexposure with computer vision syndrome (CVS) incidences in employees who are usingcomputers. Conclusion: There was an association between the duration of computer light exposure withcomputer vision syndrome (CVS) incidences in employees that using computer