Global Citizens and Family Relations

__Abstract__ As globalisation progresses, cross-border movements of people are becoming dynamic and multilateral. The existence of different groups and minorities within the community renders the society multiethnic and multicultural. As individuals acquire new affiliation and belonging, the conventional conflict of laws methods may no longer be viable and should be subject to a thorough re-examination. Against this background, this paper analyses appropriate conflicts rules in international family relations to reflect an individual’s identity. Furthermore, in light of the contemporary law fragmentation, this study also analyses interactions between state law and non-state cultural, religious or customary norms

On universality of concurrent expressions with synchronization primitives

AbstractConcurrent expressions are a class of extended regular expressions with a shuffle operator (‖) and its closure (). The class of concurrent expressions with synchronization primitives, called synchronized concurrent expressions, is introduced as an extended model of Shaw's flow expressions. This paper discusses some formal properties of synchronized concurrent expressions from a formal language theoretic point of view. It is shown that synchronized concurrent expressions with three signal/wait operations are universal in the sense that they can simulate any semaphore controlled concurrent expressions and they can describe the class of recursively enumerable sets. Some results on semaphore controlled regular expressions are also included to give a taste of more positive results

Total Cluster Energy Calculation of Lithium Ion Conductors by the DV-Xα Method

Recently several programs for the total cluster energy calculation have been developing in the DV-Xα method. In this study, we have tried to calculate and compare total cluster energies of several diatomic molecules and model clusters of ionic conductors. The total cluster energies of diatomic molecules have minimum near the equilibrium atomic distance of each molecules though the absolute value of the total cluster energy were slightly different each other. In the case of the model cluster of the Li3N crystal, which is one of the typical Li ion conductors, we have obtained the energy change as a function of the site during the movement of a Li ion. The energy change with the movement of the Li ion along the conduction path was considerably smaller than along other paths, consistent with the results by the band calculation and experiments. The total cluster energy calculation method was enough useful for the discussion of the cluster energy

Bias dependence of tunneling-electron-induced molecular fluorescence from porphyrin films on noble-metal substrates

We investigated scanning tunneling microscope (STM)-excited luminescence from porphyrin (PhTPP and H2TPP) thin films on metal substrate (Au and Ag) under ambient conditions. Molecular fluorescence similar to the corresponding photoluminescence was observed from PhTPP/Au and H2TPP/Ag at both STM bias polarities. We found that at the same experimental condition and parameters, the STM-induced luminescence intensities of maxima peak are similar for PhTPP and H2TPP but weaker by a factor of about 4 than that for H2TBPP which we studied previously, probably due to fluorescence quenching by aggregation. The polarity dependence and the bias voltage dependence of the fluorescence intensity for the PhTPP/Au were similar to that for the respective pristine metal. These facts support our proposal that intense molecular fluorescence from porphyrin film on the noble metals is a result of the enhancement of molecular excitation by substrate surface plasmons

Anomalous Hall effect in field-effect structures of (Ga,Mn)As

The anomalous Hall effect in metal-insulator-semiconductor structures having thin (Ga,Mn)As layers as a channel has been studied in a wide range of Mn and hole densities changed by the gate electric field. Strong and unanticipated temperature dependence, including a change of sign, of the anomalous Hall conductance $\sigma_{xy}$ has been found in samples with the highest Curie temperatures. For more disordered channels, the scaling relation between $\sigma_{xy}$ and $\sigma_{xx}$, similar to the one observed previously for thicker samples, is recovered.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

STM fluorescence of porphyrin enhanced by a strong plasmonic field and its nanoscale confinement in an STM cavity

We have investigated scanning tunneling microscope-induced luminescence STML from porphyrin molecules by varying the tip PtIr, Ag, and Au/substrate Pt, Ag, Au, and indium tin oxide combinations. Strong molecular fluorescence by highest-occupied molecular orbital and lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital transition comparable to plasmon-mediated light is emitted only when both the substrate and the tip are metals but not in other cases. Along with calculations of relative electromagnetic-field powers in the tip-substrate gaps, the enhancement of STML from molecules can be interpreted in terms of the strong plasmon field and its confinement in an STM cavity. We also find rather strong energy-forbidden fluorescence of porphyrin in an Au-tip/porphyrin/Au cavity that occurs under the extremely strong field in the plasmonic nanocavity

Direct k-space mapping of the electronic structure in an oxide-oxide interface

The interface between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 hosts a two-dimensional electron system of itinerant carriers, although both oxides are band insulators. Interface ferromagnetism coexisting with superconductivity has been found and attributed to local moments. Experimentally, it has been established that Ti 3d electrons are confined to the interface. Using soft x-ray angle-resolved resonant photoelectron spectroscopy we have directly mapped the interface states in k-space. Our data demonstrate a charge dichotomy. A mobile fraction contributes to Fermi surface sheets, whereas a localized portion at higher binding energies is tentatively attributed to electrons trapped by O-vacancies in the SrTiO3. While photovoltage effects in the polar LaAlO3 layers cannot be excluded, the apparent absence of surface-related Fermi surface sheets could also be fully reconciled in a recently proposed electronic reconstruction picture where the built-in potential in the LaAlO3 is compensated by surface O-vacancies serving also as charge reservoir.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, incl. Supplemental Informatio

KINEMATICS ANALYSIS OF TWO STYLES OF BOW FOR MARTIAL ARTISTS AND AVARAGE STUDENTS

The aim of this study was to conduct operating analysis of two styles of bow (RITSUREI and ZAREI) for martial artists and average students, and to compare their kinematics characteristic of. Subjects of this study were healthy men (n＝33) who were martial artist group (MA, n＝18) and average student group (AS, n＝15). Subjects conducted RITSUREI and ZAREI three times each. Results of paired t-test, on angular degree parameter of RITSUREI, MA made smaller angular degree of the upper limbs and angular degree of the neck than that of AS. regarding time parameter components, the total time of ZAREI, from beginning of it to stopping, from stopping of it to end, and from beginning of RITSUREI to stopping were significantly shorter than that of AS. MA made several characteristic shown in text. BUDO bow is regarded as practical bow even in social rule when bow teaching is conducte