730 research outputs found
Anomalous effects of dense matter under rotation
We study the anomaly induced effects of dense baryonic matter under rotation.
We derive the anomalous terms that account for the chiral vortical effect in
the low-energy effective theory for light Nambu-Goldstone modes. The anomalous
terms lead to new physical consequences, such as the anomalous Hall energy
current and spontaneous generation of angular momentum in a magnetic field (or
spontaneous magnetization by rotation). In particular, we show that, due to the
presence of such anomalous terms, the ground state of the quantum
chromodynamics (QCD) under sufficiently fast rotation becomes the "chiral
soliton lattice" of neutral pions that has lower energy than the QCD vacuum and
nuclear matter. We briefly discuss the possible realization of the chiral
soliton lattice induced by a fast rotation in noncentral heavy ion collisions.Comment: 15 page
Structure Constants of Defect Changing Operators on the 1/2 BPS Wilson Loop
We study three-point functions of operators on the BPS Wilson loop in
planar super Yang-Mills theory. The operators we consider are
"defect changing operators", which change the scalar coupled to the Wilson
loop. We first perform the computation at two loops in general set-ups, and
then study a special scaling limit called the ladders limit, in which the
spectrum is known to be described by a quantum mechanics with the
SL(2,) symmetry. In this limit, we resum the Feynman diagrams using
the Schwinger-Dyson equation and determine the structure constants at all order
in the rescaled coupling constant. Besides providing an interesting solvable
example of defect conformal field theories, our result gives invaluable data
for the integrability-based approach to the structure constants.Comment: 31 pages + appendices; v2 References adde
The Effect of Epidermal Growth Factor, Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor, Transforming Growth Factor-β, and Insulin on the DNA Synthesis of Renal Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines.
In this experiment, the effect of various growth factors (epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor-β and insulin) on the DNA synthesis of three renal cell carcinoma cell lines (ACHN, VMRC-RCW, NT) has been investigated in a serum free condition. These growth factors atimulated the DNA synthesis of all renal cell carcinoma cell lines dose-dependently. Transforming growth factor-β, a known growth inhibitor for renal tubular cells, stimulated the DNA synthesis of renal cell carcinoma cells. The conditioned medium (which did not include any serum) contained very litle autocrine growth factor for renal cell carcinoma cell itself. These results suggest that paracrine growth factors are mostly related to the growth of renal cell carcinoma cells than autocrine growth factor. The renal cell carcinoma cells, which are the transformed form of renal tubular cells and due to this transformed character, TGF-β which is basically a growth inhibitor for tubular cell but stimulates the renal cell carcinoma cell
Effects of Microgravity on Human Physiology
The effects of microgravity conditions on neurovestibular, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, bone metabolic, and hemato-immunological systems are described. We discuss “space motion sickness,” sensorimotor coordination disorders, cardiovascular deconditioning, muscular atrophy, bone loss, and anemia/immunodeficiency, including their causes and mechanisms. In addition to the previously described deconditioning, new problems related to microgravity, spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS), and structural changes of the brain by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are also explained. Our proposed countermeasure, artificial gravity produced by a short-arm centrifuge with ergometric exercise, is also described in detail, and we confirmed this system to be effective in preventing the abovementioned deconditioning caused by microgravity exposure
Sleep Duration and Overweight among Elementary Schoolchildren:A Population-based Study in Japan
Although a number of studies have investigated the relationship of sleep duration to overweight and obesity, studies conducted among population-based elementary schoolchildren have been limited in Japan. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and overweight among elementary schoolchildren in Japan. The study subjects were all fourth-grade schoolchildren (9 or 10 years of age) in Ina-town, Saitama Prefecture, Japan from 1999 to 2008. Information concerning each subjectʼs sex, age, and lifestyle was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire, while measurements of his or her height and weight were carried out. Childhood overweight
was determined according to the definition established by the International Obesity Task Force. Data from 3,433 children were analyzed. In logistic regression analysis, a statistically significant dose-response relationship was observed between sleep duration and overweight among boys (p for trend=0.014) but not among girls (p for trend=0.149). Short sleep duration was associated with childhood overweight, and the sex difference in the association was observed. These findings suggested that it is important to consider sleep duration as part of any program to prevent overweight among elementary schoolchildren, especially among boys
An IPW-based Unbiased Ranking Metric in Two-sided Markets
In modern recommendation systems, unbiased learning-to-rank (LTR) is crucial
for prioritizing items from biased implicit user feedback, such as click data.
Several techniques, such as Inverse Propensity Weighting (IPW), have been
proposed for single-sided markets. However, less attention has been paid to
two-sided markets, such as job platforms or dating services, where successful
conversions require matching preferences from both users. This paper addresses
the complex interaction of biases between users in two-sided markets and
proposes a tailored LTR approach. We first present a formulation of feedback
mechanisms in two-sided matching platforms and point out that their implicit
feedback may include position bias from both user groups. On the basis of this
observation, we extend the IPW estimator and propose a new estimator, named
two-sided IPW, to address the position bases in two-sided markets. We prove
that the proposed estimator satisfies the unbiasedness for the ground-truth
ranking metric. We conducted numerical experiments on real-world two-sided
platforms and demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed method in terms of
both precision and robustness. Our experiments showed that our method
outperformed baselines especially when handling rare items, which are less
frequently observed in the training data
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