A survey on the living conditions of parents who have experienced child abuse in the Philippines: towards the development of a child abuse prevention program

Child abuse is a widespread and serious problem in the Philippines. The purpose of this study was to determine the reality of the lives of parents who have experienced child abuse, and to develop an abuse prevention program tailored to the reality of the Philippines. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents who have experienced child abuse and their supporters to collect data and conduct a thematic analysis. The results showed that many parents in the Philippines were found to be in a situation similar to the Family Stress Model. In addition, it was speculated that parents were more likely to have lived in an environment where they were at high risk for inappropriate parenting during their childhoods.本論文は令和2年度に広島大学大学院教育学研究科に提出された修士論文の一部を抜粋し，加筆，修正したものである

Pathology of left ventricle.

<p>A: Representative short-axis sections of cardiac ventricle stained with Masson-trichrome. Scale bar: 1000 μm. B: Representative short-axis images of myocardium and intramuscular arteries with perivascular and interstitial fibrosis stained with Masson-trichrome. Scale bar: 50 μm. C: Representative short-axis images of myocardium and interstitial fibrosis stained with Masson-trichrome. Scale bar: 50 μm. D: Representative short-axis images of the myocardium stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Scale bar: 50 μm. E: Ratio of fibrosis area/myocardium. F: Mean diameter of cardiomyocytes at 16 weeks of age. Normal salt = NS, Excessively low salt = ELS, *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01.</p

Excessively low salt diet damages the heart through activation of cardiac (pro) renin receptor, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, and sympatho-adrenal systems in spontaneously hypertensive rats - Fig 4

<p>A: plasma renin activity. B: plasma angiotensin I concentration. C: plasma angiotensin II concentration. D: plasma aldosterone concentration. E: plasma noradrenaline concentration. F: plasma adrenaline concentration.</p

Echocardiographic findings.

<p>A: Interventricular septum (IVS) thickness at 8 and 16 weeks of age. B: LV fractional shortening (FS) at 8 and 16 weeks of age.</p

Expression of cardiac tissue ERK1/2, phospho-ERK1/2, p38MAPK, phospho-p38MAPK, HSP27, phospho-HSP27,TGF-ß1.

<p>Normal salt = NS, Excessively low salt = ELS, *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01.</p