A 100%-complete sequence reveals unusually simple genomic features in the hot-spring red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>All previously reported eukaryotic nuclear genome sequences have been incomplete, especially in highly repeated units and chromosomal ends. Because repetitive DNA is important for many aspects of biology, complete chromosomal structures are fundamental for understanding eukaryotic cells. Our earlier, nearly complete genome sequence of the hot-spring red alga <it>Cyanidioschyzon merolae </it>revealed several unique features, including just three ribosomal DNA copies, very few introns, and a small total number of genes. However, because the exact structures of certain functionally important repeated elements remained ambiguous, that sequence was not complete. Obviously, those ambiguities needed to be resolved before the unique features of the <it>C. merolae </it>genome could be summarized, and the ambiguities could only be resolved by completing the sequence. Therefore, we aimed to complete all previous gaps and sequence all remaining chromosomal ends, and now report the first nuclear-genome sequence for any eukaryote that is 100% complete.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our present complete sequence consists of 16546747 nucleotides covering 100% of the 20 linear chromosomes from telomere to telomere, representing the simple and unique chromosomal structures of the eukaryotic cell. We have unambiguously established that the <it>C. merolae </it>genome contains the smallest known histone-gene cluster, a unique telomeric repeat for all chromosomal ends, and an extremely low number of transposons.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>By virtue of these attributes and others that we had discovered previously, <it>C. merolae </it>appears to have the simplest nuclear genome of the non-symbiotic eukaryotes. These unusually simple genomic features in the 100% complete genome sequence of <it>C. merolae </it>are extremely useful for further studies of eukaryotic cells.</p

“肺線維症”における運動負荷

The significance of physical exercise and attempts of detecting early pulmonary fibrous lesions using resultant parameters were described in cases with pulmonary fibrosis and pneumoconiosis.　　 Although the usefulness of A-aDo2 has been pointed out long before the use of the respiratory index (A-aDo2/Pao2×100) instead of A-aDo2 itself was thought to be more effective.　　 In relation to this, the change of the pulmonary diffusing capacity associated with physical exercise was thought to reflect the pulmonary reserve capacity.　　 As regards the ventilatory function, the usefulness of the ventilatory index, exercise index and VD/VT was suggested by the present study

MARITIE STUDIES, AND SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

The world energy resource mainly depends on the fossil fuel, but it will be used up in tens of years. On the way to search renewable and environment-friendly energy resource, the biomass has been utilized for many years, but the corresponding problems including the thermal efficiency and pollution need to be resolved. At the present time, LPG (major components are propane and butane) has a great potential to be utilized and with less exhaust pollutants. This paper focuses on applying the propane gas and wood powder to form mixed fuel flame. As a fundamental research, two experiments are carried out to investigate the soot particle behaviors. One is the soot particle diameter measurement by Gmie's light scattering theory, the results show that the soot particle diameter of the mixed fuel flame is greater than that of the propane gas flame. Another is the soot particle density measurement by weight difference method. The results show that the soot particle density of the mixed fuel flame is greater than that of the propane gas flame. The experiments make clear that the wood powder can be applied to form a mixed fuel flame with propane gas