Detection and Mitigation of Sybil Attack by implementing Extended Genetic Algorithm

Today, there are several available technologies designed to build vehicular road travel easier, secure, and more enjoyable, utilizing proximity sensors, geographical positioning system, multimedia communication, etc. Although VANET is a popular application that has strengthens its roots since the last decade and made our lives much easier than ever before. But still there are various security issues in it that need to be considered. One of the major security issues relating VANET is the Sybil attack. The Sybil attack is a major threatening attack in which the attack creates several forge identities of itself in order to gain trust of the authenticated nodes to fulfill its malice presence. In this paper we will implement genetic algorithm for mitigating the Sybil attack. GA is a search technique that depends on the natural selection and genetics principles and which determines an optimal solution for even a hard issue

Experimental and computational approaches to study the high temperature thermoelectric properties of novel topological semimetal CoSi

Here, we study the thermoelectric properties of topological semimetal CoSi in the temperature range $300-800$ K by using combined experimental and density functional theory (DFT) based methods. CoSi is synthesized using arc melting technique and the Rietveld refinement gives the lattice parameters of a = b = c = 4.445 {\AA}. The measured values of Seebeck coefficient (S) shows the non-monotonic behaviour in the studied temperature range with the value of $\sim-$81 $\mu$V/K at room temperature. The $|S|$ first increases till 560 K ($\sim-$93 $\mu$V/K) and then decreases up to 800 K ($\sim-$84 $\mu$V/K) indicating the dominating n-type behaviour in the full temperature range. The electrical conductivity, $\sigma$ (thermal conductivity, $\kappa$) shows the monotonic decreasing (increasing) behaviour with the values of $\sim$5.2$\times 10^{5}$ (12.1 W/m-K) and $\sim$3.6$\times 10^{5}$ (14.2 W/m-K) $\Omega^{-1}m^{-1}$ at 300 K and 800 K, respectively. The $\kappa$ exhibits the temperature dependency as, $\kappa \propto T^{0.16}$. The DFT based Boltzmann transport theory is used to understand these behaviour. The multi-band electron and hole pockets appear to be mainly responsible for deciding the temperature dependent transport behaviour. Specifically, the decrease in the $|S|$ above 560 K and change in the slope of $\sigma$ around 450 K are due to the contribution of thermally generated charge carriers from the hole pockets. The temperature dependent relaxation time is computed which shows temperature dependency of $1/T^{0.35}$. Present study suggests that electronic band-structure obtained from DFT provides reasonably good estimate of the transport coefficients of CoSi in the high temperature region of $300-800$ K

Spontaneous unscarred fundal rupture after normal vaginal delivery

Uterine rupture is one of the most dangerous obstetric situation carrying an increased risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, associated with poorly managed labour. The incidence of spontaneous rupture of unscarred uterus is around 1 in 8000 to 1 in 15000 deliveries. We report this unusual case of spontaneous unscarred fundal rupture after normal vaginal delivery. This case under reference developed shock soon after delivery and was explored due to suspected intraperitoneal hemorrhage. This case is being reported to emphasis the need for proper post-delivery monitoring not only to diagnose post-partum hemorrhage but also to suspect uterine rupture as a cause of unexplained shock developing after delivery inspite of all resuscitative measures. Although unexpected in a woman with an unscarred uterus, rupture should be considered as a possible cause of unusual pain or hypotension in the mother. The most effective way to reduce the number of morbidity and mortality would be to prevent unwanted pregnancies by informed and effective use of contraception

A Survey on MRI Brain Image Segmentation Technique

One of the most dangerous disease occurring these days i.e. brain tumor can be detected by MRI images. Biomedical imaging and medical image processing that plays a vital role for MRI images has now become the most challenging field in engineering and technology. A detailed information about the anatomy can be showed through MRI images, that helps in monitoring the disease and is beneficial for the diagnosis as it consists of a high tissue contrast and have fewer artifacts. For tracking the disease and to proceed its treatment, MRI images plays a key role. It is having several advantages over other imaging techniques and is an important step for post-processing of medical images. However, having a large amount of data for manual analysis can sometimes proved to be an obstacle in the way of its effective use. In this paper, the introduction of image processing and the details of image segmentation techniques such as image preprocessing, feature extraction, image enhancement and classification of tumor processes, and how image segmentation can be applied to all Other available imaging modalities that are different from one another. This paper provides the survey on various methods used for image segmentation that have been applied for MRI images, that detects the tumor by segmenting the brain images into constituent parts. Also the advantages and disadvantages of Image segmentation is discussed using the various approaches of image segmentation of MRI brain images

Evaluation of Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxic Potentials of Agave americana

Ethnomedicinal plants are being used as a source of medicine from ancient time but they lack the proof of modern scientific evidence for their effectiveness. This study focuses on the evaluation of phytochemical, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties of one of the ethnomedicinal plant Agave americana from Dhulikhel region of Nepal. The plant extract was prepared using solvent-based warm soxhlet extraction from the leaves of the plant and antimicrobial activity against six different non-resistant clinical isolates of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Salmonella paratyphi) was evaluated using agar disc diffusion method along with qualitative analysis for presence/absence of phytochemicals. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH assay and the cytotoxicity was evaluated using MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cancer cell. Presence of phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, reducing sugars and saponins were detected in the plant extract. The extract was found to show some level of antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus thuringiensis at 50, 100 and 200 mg/ml. The IC50 value of the extract was found to be 7.68 μg/ml. The extracts of Agave americana showed 50 % cell-death of MCF-7 in 12 h at 5 μg/ml. Although this study provided some scientific evidence for the medicinal value of Agave americana, further studies are still needed for the detailed evaluations of every molecule present in this plant along with screening in larger geographical area of Nepal

Impact of different grades of anaemia severity during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a prospective study

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is a universal health problem that may cause a number of obstetrical and neonatal complications. This prospective observational study aims to evaluate and compare maternal and neonatal outcomes in different grades of anaemia severity.Methods: A total of 400 pregnant women with anaemia in third trimester were classified into three groups according to haemoglobin (Hb) levels-group I with Hb:10-10.9 g/dl, group II with Hb:7-9.9g/dl and group III with Hb<7 g/dl. Maternal and neonatal outcomes of women with different severity of anaemia were analyzed and compared. Two groups means were compared by Student’s t-independent test and more than two groups means by one way analysis of variance test followed by post-hoc pairwise comparison using Bonferroni test.Results: The prevalence of anaemia in the study population was 35.2%. Mild, moderate and severe anaemia were found in 58% (n=232), 29.0% (n=116) and 13% (n=52) women respectively. A statistically significant difference in maternal outcomes such as Preterm labor (p=0.001), Prelabor premature rupture of membranes (p=0.044), Intrauterine growth restriction (p=0.002) and postpartum hemorrhage (p=0.001) was observed amongst the three groups. Cardiac failure occurred in 26.9% (n=14) and mortality in 13.4% (n=7) women with severe anaemia. Amongst the neonatal morbidities, the rate of low birth weight, preterm birth, respiratory distress syndrome, septicaemia, pneumonitis and jaundice revealed an increasing trend with rising severity of anaemia which was statistically significant.Conclusions: Targeted interventions addressing early detection and appropriate treatment in early pregnancy can prevent and avoid dismal maternal and neonatal consequences