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Not AvailableIn a feeding management experiment eight camel calves were allotted randomly into two equal groups and reared under stall feeding management condition (group-I) and under stall feeding along with grazing management practices (group-II) for a period of 173 days. The average growth rate, body weight and morpho-metric parameters viz: body length, heart girth, height at wither, neck length, and leg length (fore & hind) were significantly (P<0.01) higher in group-II animals as compared to group-I. The horizontal hump circumference was found to be similar but vertical the hump circumference varied significantly (P<0.05) between two groups. The ethological aspect of feeding behaviour indicated the order of feeding behavioural preference was for Khejri (Prosopis cineraria), followed by Phog (Calligonum polygonoides) and Ganthia (Dactyloctenioum aegyptium) among trees, bushes and grasses, respectively. Overall better performance of group-II was due to higher plane of nutrition as compared to group-I. The levels of glucose, total protein and globulin were significantly (P<0.05) higher in group II also indicated better management practices in group-II as compared to group-I. Similarly the average levels of serum calcium, phosphorus, zinc and iron as well as levels of hair minerals like sulphur, calcium, zinc and iron were also significantly (P<0.05) higher in group-II than group-I. The total feeding cost per calf was higher in group-I as compared to group-II and due to it the cost involved for one kg body weight gain was quite less and economical in group-II than group-I. Thus the practice of stall feeding along with grazing management found to be better as compared to stall feeding alone for camel calf rearing.Not Availabl

A novel cancer testis antigen, A-kinase anchor protein 4 (AKAP4) is a potential biomarker for breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in women worldwide. Reports about the early diagnosis of breast cancer are suggestive of an improved clinical outcome and overall survival rate in cancer patients. Therefore, cancer screening biomarker for early detection and diagnosis is urgently required for timely treatment and better cancer management. In this context, we investigated an association of cancer testis antigen, A-Kinase anchor protein 4 (AKAP4) with breast carcinoma. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS: We first compared the AKAP4 gene and protein expression in four breast cancer cells (MCF7, MDA-MB-231, SK-BR3 and BT474) and normal human mammary epithelial cells. In addition, 91 clinical specimens of breast cancer patients of various histotypes including ductal carcinoma in situ, infiltrating ductal carcinoma and infiltrating lobular carcinoma and 83 available matched adjacent non-cancerous tissues were examined for AKAP4 gene and protein expression by employing in situ RNA hybridization and immunohistochemistry respectively. Humoral response against AKAP4 was also investigated in breast cancer patients employing ELISA. Our in vitro studies in all breast cancer cells revealed AKAP4 gene and protein expression whereas, normal human mammary epithelial cells failed to show any expression. Using in situ RNA hybridization and immunohistochemistry, 85% (77/91) tissue specimens irrespective of histotypes, stages and grades of breast cancer clinical specimens revealed AKAP4 gene and protein expression. However, matched adjacent non-cancerous tissues failed to display any AKAP4 gene and protein expression. Furthermore, humoral response was observed in 79% (72/91) of total breast cancer patients. Interestingly, we observed that 94% (72/77) of breast cancer patients found positive for AKAP4 protein expression generated humoral response against AKAP4 protein. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our data suggests that AKAP4 may be used as serum based diagnostic test for an early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer and may be a potential target for immunotherapeutic use

Effect of Single Visit Apexification versus Complete Obturation using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate or Biodentine on the Fracture Resistance of Simulated Immature Teeth

Introduction: The study was done to evaluate and compare the effect of single visit apexification or full obturation of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)/ Biodentine on fracture resistance and pattern of fracture of simulated immature teeth. Methodology: Forty-five extracted maxillary central incisors were decoronated to a standard length of 20 mm and were divided into four experimental groups (n=10) and one control group (n=5). Peeso reamers (#1 to #5) were used to simulate immature teeth until they passed 1mm beyond the apex. Peeso reamer #6 was used 3mm beyond the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to mimic Cvek's stage 3 of root development. Canals in group 1 and 3 were completely obturated using MTA and Biodentine, respectively. Apexification with 5mm MTA and biodentine was done in group 2 and 4 and backfilled with guttapercha and AH Plus sealer, respectively. Fracture testing was performed using Universal Testing Machine and data was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Complete obturation with MTA and Biodentine showed significantly higher fracture resistance than MTA and biodentine apexification groups. Conclusion: Full obturation with bioactive materials reinforces simulated immature teeth

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Not AvailableThis study was carried out on blood serum and seminal plasma samples collected from Jaisalmeri camels to determine the concentrations of minerals in the seminal plasma and their probable role in liquefaction of semen. The concentrations of Ca, Zn and Fe were 1.9, 6.11 and 20.14 times higher in seminal plasma as compared to blood serum. This study indicated that Ca and Fe might play an important role in coagulation/ liquefaction of camel semen. Ca starts to act after 18h and Fe after 48h of storage. Interactions between proteins and minerals might be responsible for coagulum formation in camel semen.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThis study was carried out on blood serum and seminal plasma samples collected from Jaisalmeri camels to determine the concentrations of minerals in the seminal plasma and their probable role in liquefaction of semen. The concentrations of Ca, Zn and Fe were 1.9, 6.11 and 20.14 times higher in seminal plasma as compared to blood serum. This study indicated that Ca and Fe might play an important role in coagulation/ liquefaction of camel semen. Ca starts to act after 18h and Fe after 48h of storage. Interactions between proteins and minerals might be responsible for coagulum formation in camel semenNot Availabl

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Presented at International conference on “Nurturing Arid Zones for People and Environment: Issues and Agenda for the 21st Centaury”, held at Central Arid zone Research institute, Jodhpur, from November 24-28, 2009, pp.274, 362+xiiip.Not AvailableNot Availabl

Immunohistochemical analysis of AKAP4 protein expression in different stages of IDC tissue specimens.

<p>Panels A–D, H & E staining showing the histological cytostructure of representative stage I, stage II, stage III and stage IV tissue specimens respectively. Panels E–H, AKAP4 immunoreactivity was observed in the cytoplasm in all stages (brown color). Overall, 100% stage I (1/1), 86% stage II (44/51), 82% stage III (31/38) and 100% stage IV (100%) clinical specimens were found positive for AKAP4 protein expression. Panels I–L, no immunoreactivity was detected with control IgG probed specimens. Panels M- P, AKAP4 protein was not detected in any of the matched ANCT specimens probed with anti-AKAP4 antibodies. (Original magnification 400; Objective - X40).</p